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The Growth Rate, Immune Status, Duodenal Development, and Cecal Microbial Diversity of 24-Day-Old Offspring of SD Rats Received Bacillus subtilis-Cu or CuSO4 During Pregnancy and Lactation Periods

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Abstract

A total of 108 pregnant and lactation SD rats were divided into six groups, daily and orally dosed with Bacillus subtilis-copper (CuBs) and CuSO4 (CuS) both at three doses equivalent to 1.5 mg (Cu deficiency), 3 mg, and 6 mg Cu per kg diet, and the effects of the Cu source and dosage on the growth rate, immune status, duodenal development, and cecal microbial diversity were examined on 24-day-old offspring rats. The six offspring rats from each group were randomly selected for measuring the body weight gain and taking blood samples, and three rats were sacrificed for taking duodenum and cecum content samples. We found CuBs increased the body weight gain, development of duodenal villi, and survival rate of the offspring; increased the IgM content and lysozyme activity in serum; reduced the intestinal permeability; and increased the abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Intestinibacter in the cecal content, when compared with CuS. We also found that Cu deficiency showed detrimental effects on the body weight gain and length, the survival rate of the offspring, and the immune indices in serum, as well as the increased intestinal permeability. We concluded that CuBs is better Cu source than CuSO4 for reproductive rats.

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Funding

This study is supported by the grants from the National Waterfowl Industry Technology System Foundation of China (No. CARS-43-11) and the National Key R&D Program “Application and Demonstration of Green Waterfowl Efficient Safe Aquaculture Technology” (2018YFD0501501).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China

    Guodong Liu, Baowei Wang, Yanping Huang, Kailing Li & Mingai Zhang

  2. National Waterfowl Industrial Technology System Nutrition and Feed Function Laboratory, Qingdao, 266109, China

    Baowei Wang, Wenhua Ge, Bin Yue & Min Kong

Authors
  1. Guodong Liu
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  2. Baowei Wang
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  3. Yanping Huang
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  7. Bin Yue
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  8. Min Kong
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Contributions

G.L., B.W., W.G., and M.Z. conceived and designed the experiments; G.L., W.G., and B.Y. performed the experiments; G.L. and Y.H. analyzed the data; and G.L., K.L., and M.K. wrote the paper. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Baowei Wang.

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This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Liu, G., Wang, B., Huang, Y. et al. The Growth Rate, Immune Status, Duodenal Development, and Cecal Microbial Diversity of 24-Day-Old Offspring of SD Rats Received Bacillus subtilis-Cu or CuSO4 During Pregnancy and Lactation Periods. Biol Trace Elem Res 191, 435–442 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-1638-5

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