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Association Between Hypertension in Healthy Participants and Zinc and Copper Status: a Population-Based Study

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Abstract

The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is increasing globally. It has been shown that there is an association between micronutrient deficiency and HTN. In the current study, we aimed to assess the association between HTN with serum copper and zinc concentrations in a large representative Iranian population. The participants were enrolled into the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorders study (MASHAD study), a cohort study that was initiated in 2010. Anthropometric indices were assessed using standard procedures. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and hs-CRP were measured using routine methods. HTN defined as persons who had SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg and/or medication use. Flame atomic absorption (Varian AA240FS) was used to measure serum Zn and Cu concentrations. SPSS software was used for all statistical analyses. A total of 9588 participants were recruited into the MASHAD study project. Participants were divided into two groups; 5695 healthy (non-hypertensive) (mean age 45.85 ± 7.5 years) and 3893 hypertensive participants (mean age 51.18 ± 7.67 years). Systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) were significantly different for different serum copper quartiles. The participants with serum copper levels < 80 μg/dl had 1.33 times greater risk of an increased blood pressure than other participants. Participants with serum copper levels > 130 μg/dl had a 1.94-fold higher risk of raised blood pressure. Serum zinc was not associated with systolic blood pressure, but individuals in the first quartile level of serum zinc had a diastolic blood pressure that was significantly higher than other quartiles (p = 0.035). Serum copper is associated with blood pressure status in adults in a U-shaped relationship, with a range of serum copper between 80 and 130 μg/dl being associated with normal blood pressure.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Gordon A. Ferns and Prof. Gholam Hossein Haghnia for their critical review of this manuscript.

Grant

This study was support by grant from Mashhad University of Medical Science.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Susan Darroudi, Maryam Saberi-Karimian and Maryam Tayefi contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Susan Darroudi, Maryam Saberi-Karimian, Narges Fereydouni & Jasmine Kharazmi-Khorassani

  2. Department of Cardiovascular, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran

    Maryam Tayefi

  3. University international Accreditation, International Office, Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Maryam Tayefi

  4. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Batool Tayefi

  5. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Zahra Khashyarmanesh & Hamideh Moalemzadeh Haghighi

  6. Health Center N.2, Mashhad, Iran

    Ali Asghar Mahmoudi

  7. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Kayhan Gonoodi

  8. Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Habibolah Esmaeili

  9. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour

  10. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Institute of Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran

    Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour

  11. Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK

    Gordon A. Ferns

  12. Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

  13. Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran

    Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

Authors
  1. Susan Darroudi
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  2. Maryam Saberi-Karimian
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  3. Maryam Tayefi
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  4. Batool Tayefi
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  5. Zahra Khashyarmanesh
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  6. Narges Fereydouni
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  7. Hamideh Moalemzadeh Haghighi
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  8. Ali Asghar Mahmoudi
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  9. Jasmine Kharazmi-Khorassani
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  10. Kayhan Gonoodi
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  11. Habibolah Esmaeili
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  12. Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
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  13. Gordon A. Ferns
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  14. Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour or Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan.

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Darroudi, S., Saberi-Karimian, M., Tayefi, M. et al. Association Between Hypertension in Healthy Participants and Zinc and Copper Status: a Population-Based Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 190, 38–44 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1518-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1518-4

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