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Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells

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Abstract

Oxidative stress caused due to the perturbations in the oxidant-antioxidant system can damage molecules and cause cellular alteration leading to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. This study was designed and performed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of an alkaloid, gramine on H2O2-induced oxidative stress on HEK 293 cells. Cell viability and morphometric analysis of cells treated with H2O2 and gramine were studied. Oxidative stress and inflammatory and antioxidant enzymes such as ROS, LPO, NO, SOD, GSH, and CAT were analyzed. Furthermore, mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and COX-2 was also evaluated. H2O2 at concentration > 0.3 mM and gramine at concentration > 80 μg/mL affect the proliferation. Viability and morphometric analysis showed that gramine has protective effects. Treating cells with gramine suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory enzymes, whereas antioxidant enzymes were enhanced. SOD and CAT mRNA levels were overexpressed and COX-2 mRNA levels were decreased in the treated groups. Gramine possesses effective antioxidant potential and can regulate oxidative stress and damages associated with it.

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Data Availability

Data will be available on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ROS :

reactive oxygen species

TBARS :

thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

SOD :

superoxide dismutase

CAT :

catalase

GSH :

glutathione

DMSO :

dimethyl sulfoxide

DTNB :

5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)

KCL :

potassium chloride

SDS :

sodium dodecyl sulfate

NBT :

nitro blue tetrazolium

NED :

N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride

RT-PCR :

real time-polymerase chain reaction

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Acknowledgements

The author extends their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, “Ministry of Education” in Saudi Arabia for funding this research (IFKSUOR3-033-1).

Funding

The authors received a financial support from the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, “Ministry of Education” in Saudi Arabia for funding this research (IFKSUOR3-033-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia

    Essa M. Sabi, Ahmed H Mujamammi & Khalid M. Sumaily

  2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Nouf O. AlAfaleq

  3. Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia

    Samia T. Al-Shouli

  4. Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ziyad M. Althafar

  5. Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, 50511, Yemen

    Lotfi S. Bin Dahman

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  1. Essa M. Sabi
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Sabi, E.M., AlAfaleq, N.O., Mujamammi, A.H. et al. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6

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