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Improving Biohydrogen Production by Dark Fermentation of Milk Processing Wastewater by Physicochemical and Enzymatic Pretreatments

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Abstract

Biohydrogen is considered an alternative energy reserve. Dark fermentation is one of the important green hydrogen production techniques that utilizes organic waste as raw material. It is a promising bioconversion, easy, not expensive, and cost-effective process. Milk processing wastewater (MPWW) is an organic effluent generated in large volumes on a daily basis and disposed directly into the environment. In this research, the study of biochemical hydrogen potential (BHP) test of MPWW was evaluated and used as substrate (S). A waste sludge was used as an inoculum (I) and source of bacteria. Both substrate and inoculum were analyzed and the study was based mainly on the ratio of volatile solids (VS) of inoculum and substrate subsequently, which was noted as I/S. Different substrate pretreatments were performed: ultrasonic, thermal, chemical, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The I/S ratio impact was investigated and evaluated the hydrogen production improvement. Modified Gompertz and modified Logistic kinetic models were employed for the kinetic modeling of cumulative hydrogen production values. Results show that I/S ratio of 1/4 gVS/gVS resulted from the best hydrogen production of 59.96 mL during 30 days of MPWW fermentation without pretreatment. It was also shown that all the adopted pretreatments enhanced hydrogen production, whereas ultrasonic pretreatment for 5 min increased the production by only 14.84%. Heat pretreatment was more efficient, where the hydrogen production increased from 60 to 162 mL (170% of improvement) using heat shock at 90 °C for 30 min. The impact of chemical pretreatment was different from a reagent to another. Pretreatment using calcium hydroxide resulted in the biggest hydrogen production of 165.3 mL (175.5%) compared to the other chemical pretreatments. However, the best hydrogen production was given by the biological pretreatment using enzymatic hydrolysis (Lactase) resulting in 254 mL of hydrogen production, which is equivalent to 323.62% of production improvement. Modified Gompertz and Logistic kinetic models fitted well with experimental data. Thus, the enzymatic hydrolysis of MPWW proved to be a promising technique for biohydrogen production enhancement.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

MPWW:

Milk processing wastewater

TS:

Total solids

TVS:

Total volatile solids

S:

Substrate

I:

Inoculum

gVS added :

Gram volatile suspended added

TCOD:

Total chemical oxygen demand

SCOD:

Soluble chemical oxygen demand

TKN:

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen

U5:

Ultrasonic pretreatment for 5 min

U10:

Ultrasonic pretreatment for 10 min

U20:

Ultrasonic pretreatment for 20 min

T80:

Thermal pretreatment at 80 °C

T90:

Thermal pretreatment at 90 °C

T100:

Thermal pretreatment at 100 °C

Enzyme:

Enzymatic pretreatment

GO:

Glucose oxidase

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Process Engineering Faculty, Saleh Boubnider University, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb & Raouf Bouchareb

  2. Department of Engineering, National High School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar, Constantine 3, Algeria

    Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb, Rayane Bedri, Khaled Slimani, Souha Menas, Halima Lazreg, Feriel Maaref, Samir Ouabdelkader & Aya Saheb

  3. Laboratory of Process Engineering for Sustainable Development and Health Products (LGPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb, Kerroum Derbal & Raouf Bouchareb

  4. Department of Process Engineering, National High School of Polytechnic, Malek Bennabi, Constantine 3, Algeria

    Kerroum Derbal & Rokaya Bouaita

  5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey

    Nadir Dizge

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  1. Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb
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Contributions

EMB, KD, and RB contributed to the study conception and design. Milk processing wastewater and characterization were supplied by RB and KS. Biohydrogen production by dark fermentation using milk processing wastewater was carried out by SM, HL, FM, and AS. SO and RB carried out the experiments of physicochemical and enzymatic pretreatments. ND and RB wrote the manuscript. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nadir Dizge.

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Bouchareb, E.M., Derbal, K., Bedri, R. et al. Improving Biohydrogen Production by Dark Fermentation of Milk Processing Wastewater by Physicochemical and Enzymatic Pretreatments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04619-2

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