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Molecular Epidemiology of Begomoviruses Infecting Mungbean from Yellow Mosaic Disease Hotspot Regions of India

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Abstract

The major threat to mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivation in the Indian subcontinent is yellow mosaic diseases (YMD), caused by Begomovirus containing bipartite genomes (DNA-A and DNA-B). In the current study, we address the epidemiology of begomoviruses infecting mungbean plants in three YMD hotspot regions of India. Full-length genomic components of the viruses from the symptomatic leaves were cloned by rolling circle amplification (RCA) and sequenced. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) was detected in Bihar and mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) in Assam and Orissa. Furthermore, we studied the population structure and genetic diversity of MYMV and MYMIV isolates of Vigna species reported to date from India. Interestingly, based on phylogenetics, we observed independent evolution of DNA-A and coevolution of DNA-B of MYMV and MYMIV. This finding is supported by the high mutation rate and recombination events in DNA-B, particularly in BV1 and BC1 genes over DNA-A, with high transition/transversion bias (R) for DNA-A over DNA-B. To investigate the effect of Begomovirus infection in plants, we constructed infectious clones (i.e. MYMV and MYMIV) and inoculated them to eight mungbean genotypes, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) through agroinfiltration. The infected plants developed varying degrees of typical YMD symptoms. Based on the disease severity score and viral titre, mungbean genotypes were categorized as highly susceptible to MYMV (ML267) and MYMIV (K851) and immune to MYMV (PDM139, SML668) and MYMIV (Pusa Vishal). Conclusively, our findings may help prevent an epidemic of YMD in Vigna species and develop mungbean genotypes resistant to YMD via breeding programs.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Ms. Trishna Anand for assistance in YMD-infected mungbean leaf sample collection from Begusarai, Bihar.

Funding

This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Grant Number BT/PR13560/COE/34/44/2015 and Central Instruments Facility, Dept. of Bioscinces and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. Author LS has received research support.

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  1. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India

    Kiran Vilas Dhobale, Bharatheeswaran Murugan, Rishav Deb, Sanjeev Kumar & Lingaraj Sahoo

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Lingaraj Sahoo designed the research; Kiran Vilas Dhobale carried out the survey for the collection of virus-infected mungbean plant materials and execution of all experiments; Kiran Vilas Dhobale and Bharatheeswaran Murugan performed agroinoculation assay; Kiran Vilas Dhobale, Bharatheeswaran Murugan, and Rishav Deb analyzed the data; Kiran Vilas Dhobale prepared the complete manuscript and Bharatheeswaran Murugan assisted; Lingaraj Sahoo and Sanjeev Kumar corrected the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Dhobale, K.V., Murugan, B., Deb, R. et al. Molecular Epidemiology of Begomoviruses Infecting Mungbean from Yellow Mosaic Disease Hotspot Regions of India. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 5158–5179 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04402-3

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