Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of microcalorimetry to the study of interactions in coating formulations

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Water-based coating formulations contain many components, such as latex binder, pigment, dispersant, thickener, and surfactant. Complex interactions between these components affect properties of the coating in both the wet and dried states. For example, rheology of the paint is dependent on the interactions of components in the formulation. Pigment interaction can affect the degree of dispersion and, therefore, have ramifications on end use properties such as hiding and tint strength of the paint film. Isothermal titration calorimetry has been used to determine the enthalpy of interaction of the coating components. Representative examples will be given to demonstrate structure–property relationships that correlate the interactions of latex, pigment, surfactant, dispersant, and thickener with paint viscosity as well as end use performance parameters such as adhesion and tint strength.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Composition of the polymeric pigments are proprietary information of The Dow Chemical Company.

References

  1. Husband, JC, “Interactions in Coating Colors Containing Clay, Latex and Starch.” Proceeding of TAPPI Coating Conference, 99–114, 1996

  2. Stenius, P, Kuortti, J, Kronberg, B, “Competitive Adsorption Phenomena in Paper Coatings.” TAPPI J., 67 (5) 56–59 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kronberg, B, Kuortti, J, Stenius, P, “Competitive and Cooperative Adsorption of Polymers and Surfactants on Kaolinite Surfaces.” Coll. Surf., 18 411–425 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sandas, SE, Salminen, PJ, “Pigment-Cobinder Interactions and Their Impact on Coating Rheology, Dewatering, and Performance.” TAPPI J., 74 (12) 179–187 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Young, TS, Fu, E, “Associative Behavior of Cellulosic Thickeners and Its Implications on Coating Structure and Rheology.” TAPPI J., 74 (4) 197–207 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Qiao, L, Easteal, AJ, “The Interaction Between Triton X Series Surfactants and Poly(Ethylene Glycol) in Aqueous Solutions.” Colloid. Polym. Sci., 276 313–320 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fishman, ML, Eirich, FR, “Interactions of Aqueous Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone) with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. I. Equilibrium Dialysis Measurements.” J. Phys. Chem., 75 (20) 3135–3140 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Murata, M, Arai, H, “The Interaction Between Polymer and Surfactant: The Effect of Temperature and Added Salt on the Interaction Between Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 44 (3) 475–480 (1973)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Baxter, SM, Sperry, PR, Fu, Z, “Partitioning of Polymer and Inorganic Colloids in Two-Phase Aqueous Polymer Systems.” Langmuir, 13 (15) 3948–3952 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wadso, I, “Trends in Isothermal Microcalorimetry,” Chemi. Soc. Rev., 26 (2) 76–86 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bloor, DM, Holzwarth, JF, Wyn-Jones, E, “Polymer/Surfactant Interactions. The Use of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and emf Measurements in the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) System.” Langmuir, 11 (6) 2312–2313 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fox, GJ, Bloor, DM, Holzwarth, JF, Wyn-Jones, E, “Use of Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry to Monitor the Adsorption/Desorption Processes of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate with Neutral Polymers.” Langmuir, 14 (5) 1026–1030 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghoresishi, SM, Li, Y, Holzwarth, JF, Khoshdel, E, Warr, J, Bloor, DM, Wyn-Jones E, “The Interaction Between Nonionic Dendrimers and Surfactants-Electromotive Force and Microcalorimetry Studies.” Langmuir, 15 (6) 1938–1944 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ghoresishi, SM, Fox, GA, Bloor, DM, Holzwarth, JF, Wyn-Jones, E, “EMF and Microcalorimetry Studies Associated with the Binding of the Cationic Surfactants to Neutral Polymers.” Langmuir, 15 (17) 5474–5479 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Li, Y, Ghoresishi, SM, Warr, J, Bloor, DM, Holzwarth, JF, Wyn-Jones, E, “Interactions between a Nonionic Copolymer Containing Different Amounts of Covalently Bonded Vinyl Acrylic Acid, Surfactants. EMF and Microcalorimetry Studies.” Langmuir, 15 (19) 6326–6332 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kevelam, J, van Breemen, JFL, Blokzijl, W, Engberts, JBFN, “Polymer-Surfactant Interactions Studied by Titration Microcalorimetry: Influence of Polymer Hydrophobicity, Electrostatic Forces, and Surfactant Aggregational State.” Langmuir, 12 (20) 4709–4717 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Olofsson, G, Wang, G, “Interactions Between Surfactants and Uncharged Polymers in Aqueous Solution Studied by Microcalorimetry.” Pure Appl. Chem., 66 (3) 527–532 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kresheck, GC, Hargraves, WA, “Enthalpy Titration Studies of the Binding of Surfactants to Poly(vinylpyrrolidone).” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 83 (1) 1–10 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Shirahama, K, Ide, N, “The Interaction Between Sodium Alkylsulfates and Poly(Ethylene Oxide) in 0.1 M Sodium Chloride Solutions.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 54 (3) 450–452 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang, Y, Han, B, Yan, H, Kwak, JCT, “Microcalorimetry Study of Interaction between Ionic Surfactants and Hydrophobically Modified Polymers in Aqueous Solutions.” Langmuir, 13 (12) 3119–3123 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Singh, SK, Nilsson, S, “Thermodynamics of Interaction between Some Cellulose Ethers and SDS by Titration Microcalorimetry: I EHEC and HPMC.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 213 133–151 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Singh, SK, Nilsson, S, “Thermodynamics of Interaction between Some Cellulose Ethers and SDS by Titration Microcalorimetry: II. Effect of Polymer Hydrophobicity.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 213 152–159 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Olofsson, G, “Microtitration Calorimetric Study of the Micellization of Three Poly(oxyethylene)glycol Dodecyl Ethers.” J. Phys. Chem., 89 (8) 1473–1477 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Van Os, NM, Daane, GJ, Haandrikman, G, “The Effect of Chemical Structure Upon the Thermodynamics of Micellization of Model Alkylarenesulfonates. III. Determination of the Critical Micelle Concentration and the Enthalpy of Demicellization by Means of Microcalorimetry and a Comparison with the Phase Separation Model.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 141 (1) 199–217 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jaap, J, Nusselder, H, Engberts, JBFN, “Toward a Better Understanding of the Driving Force for Micelle Formation and Micellar Growth.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 148 (2) 353–361 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Bijma, K, Engberts, JBFN, Haandrikman, G, van Os, NM, Blandamer, MJ, Butt, MD, Cullis, PM, “Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation by 1-Methyl-4-Alkylpyridinium Halides.” Langmuir, 10 (8) 2578–2582 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bijma, K, Blandamer, MJ, Engberts, JBFN, “Effect of Counterions and Headgroup Hydrophobicity on Properties of Micelles Formed by Alkylpyridinium Surfactants. 2. Microcalorimetry.” Langmuir, 14 (1) 79–83 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kresheck, GC, Hargraves, WA, “Thermometric Titration Studies of the Effect of Head Group, Chain Length, Solvent, and Temperature on the Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 48 (3) 481–493 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Maa, YF, Chen, SH, “The Enthalpy of Micellization of Potassium Decanoate in Solutions of H2O and D2O Determined with Microcalorimetry.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 115 (2) 437–442 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Koshy, L, Pegiadou-Koemtjopoulou, S, Rakshit, AK, “Thermodynamics of Micellization of Some New Pyrimidinium Cationic Surfactants.” Coll. Surf., 59 1–6 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mehrian, T, de Keizer, A, Korteweg, AJ, Lyklema, J, “Thermodynamics of Micellization of n-Alkylpyridinium Chlorides.” Coll. Surf. A, 71 255–267 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Skold, RO, Tunius, MAR, “Self-Association Data for Di-Triethanolamine 1,10-Decanedicarboxylate from Calorimetric Heats of Dilution in Aqueous Solution.” J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 155 43–47 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Sivakumar, A, Somasundaran, P, Thach, S, “Micellization and Mixed Micellization of Alkylxylenesulfonates—A Calorimetric Study.” Coll. Surf. A, 70 69–76 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Bach, J, Blandamer, MJ, Bijma, K, Engberts, JBFN, Kooreman, PA, Kacperska, A, Chowdoji, K, Subha, MCS, “Titration Calorimetric and Spectrophotometric Studies of Micelle Formation by Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Solution.” J. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans., 91 (8) 1229–1235 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Meagher, RJ, Hatton, TA, Bose, A, “Enthalpy Measurements in Aqueous SDS/DTAB Solutions Using Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry.” Langmuir, 14 (15) 4081–4087 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Winnik, MA, Bystryak, SM, Odrobina, E, “Interaction of PBMA Latex Particles with Nonionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solution.” Langmuir, 16 6118–6130 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. El Attar Sofi, Y, Foissy, A, “Microcalorimetric Study of the Mechanism of Adsorption of Poly(acrylic acids) and Polyacrylamides on Titanium Dioxide: Effect of pH and the Nature of the Ions.” Calorimetrie d’Analyse Themique, 23 331–334 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Pettersson, ABA, Rosenholm, JB, “A Calorimetric Investigation of the Adsorption of Octylamine on Titanium Dioxide from Aqueous Solutions,” Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci., 82(Surfactants Macromol.: Self-Assem. Interf. Bulk), 38–42, 1990

  39. Sanders, ND, Roth, KJ, “Combining Charge Distributions and Heats of Interaction to Probe Filled Papermaking Furnish Flocculation Mechanisms.” TAPPI J., 76 (11) 209–214 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wernett, PC, Sanders, ND, Bashey, AR, Osterhuber, EJ, “Direct Measurement of the Strength of Coating Pigment/Binder Interactions.” Proceeding of TAPPI Coating Conference, 407–418, 1995

  41. Mahli, DM, Wegner, JM, Glass, JE, Phillips, DG, “Waterborne Latex Coatings of Color: II. Surfactant Influences on Color Development and Viscosity.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 2 (8) 635–647 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ziani, A, Xu, R, Schreiber, HP, Kobayashi, T, “Inverse Gas Chromatography, Surface Properties, and Interactions Among Components of Paint Formulations.” J. Coat. Technol., 71 (893) 53–60 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Brown, WT, Bardman, JK, “Polymer Particles Having Select Pendant Groups and Composition Prepared Therefrom,” US Patent 717,953,1B2, 2007

  44. Nyi, K, “Opaque Polymer—A Light Scattering, Hiding Additive for Latex Paints.” Austr. OCCA Proc. News, 19(11) 4–9, 12–13 (1982)

  45. Clayton, JA, “Opacity Optimization of Waterbased Coatings.” Eur. Coat. J., 6 444–447 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Fitzwater, S, Hook, JW, “Dependent Scattering Theory: A New Approach to Predicting Scattering in Paints.” J. Coat. Technol., 57 (721) 39–47 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Balfour, JG, Hird, MJ, “Flocculation Its Measurement and Effect on Opacity in Systems Containing Titanium Dioxide Pigments.” J. Oil Col. Chem. Assoc., 58 331–344 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Imerys and Specialty Minerals Inc. for pigments used in this study. Management support is appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dow Coating Materials, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA

    Charles Kan, Melinda Keefe, Keith Olesen & Peter Saucier

Authors
  1. Charles Kan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Melinda Keefe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Keith Olesen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peter Saucier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles Kan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kan, C., Keefe, M., Olesen, K. et al. Application of microcalorimetry to the study of interactions in coating formulations. J Coat Technol Res 8, 1–10 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-009-9234-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-009-9234-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation