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Arterial Thrombosis in Patients with Cancer

  • Cardio-oncology (M Fradley, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of review

Cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. While the association between venous thrombosis and malignancy is well established, arterial thrombosis has more recently been recognized as a serious complication of cancer and certain chemotherapeutic agents. This review aims to summarize the most recent literature regarding the incidence and risk factors for cancer-related arterial thrombosis, understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of thrombosis, and highlight the specific diagnostic and treatment considerations relevant to cancer patients.

Recent findings

Based on a recent study looking at the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, the incidence of arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) in patients with cancer at 6 months is 4.7%; the presence of an ATE is predictive of worse outcomes. Certain drugs such as platinum-based agents, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and taxanes have been associated with high rates of ATEs. Increased platelet reactivity appears crucial to development of arterial thrombosis in cancer patients.

Summary

Cancer patients have an increased risk of arterial thrombosis that is likely due to both a cancer-associated procoagulant state as well as the adverse effects of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Treatment of arterial thromboembolism in cancer patients typically requires a multidisciplinary approach in part due to high rates of thrombocytopenia and stent thrombosis in the setting of percutaneous interventions. More studies are needed to investigate optimal prophylaxis, surveillance strategies, and treatments of cancer-related arterial thromboembolic disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UCLA Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 630, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Mirela Tuzovic MD, Boback Ziaeian MD, PhD & Eric H. Yang MD

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Joerg Herrmann MD

  3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Cezar Iliescu MD

  4. Pepin Heart Institute Florida Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA

    Kostas Marmagkiolis MD

Authors
  1. Mirela Tuzovic MD
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  2. Joerg Herrmann MD
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  3. Cezar Iliescu MD
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  4. Kostas Marmagkiolis MD
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  5. Boback Ziaeian MD, PhD
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  6. Eric H. Yang MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric H. Yang MD.

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Conflict of Interest

Mirela Tuzovic, Cezar Iliescu, Kostas Marmagkiolis, Boback Ziaeian, and Eric H. Yang each declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Joerg Herrmann was a participant in the 2014 Ponatinib in CML Cardio-Oncology Advisory Board meeting organized by ARIAD Pharmaceuticals and the 2015 Advisory Board meeting of the Institute for Cardio-Oncology sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Cardio-oncology

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Tuzovic, M., Herrmann, J., Iliescu, C. et al. Arterial Thrombosis in Patients with Cancer. Curr Treat Options Cardio Med 20, 40 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-018-0635-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-018-0635-x

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