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Reappraisal of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure

  • Biomarkers of Heart Failure (WH Wilson Tang & J Grodin, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Heart Failure Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Inflammation has been shown to be an important factor in the development and progression of heart failure (HF), regardless of the etiology. There have been many studies that demonstrated roles of inflammatory biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis of chronic and acute HF patients, and also markers of cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy. These cytokines are high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and galectin-3. In this review, we discuss the past and present insights of those inflammatory biomarkers in order to gain more understanding in pathogenesis of HF, risk stratification of HF patients, and early detection of cardiotoxicity from cancer therapy.

Recent Findings

Many inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be associated with mortality of both chronic and acute HF patients, and some of them are able to track treatment responses, especially sST2 and galectin-3, which are the only two inflammatory biomarkers recommended to use in clinical setting by the recent standard HF guidelines, while some studies described ET-1 and MPO as potential predictors of cardiotoxicity from cancer drugs.

Summary

The prognostic implications of inflammatory biomarkers in HF patients have been demonstrated more consistently in chronic than acute HF, with some suggestions of ET-1 and MPO in patients receiving chemotherapy. However, further studies are necessary for the use of inflammatory biomarkers in routine clinical practice.

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  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Thanat Chaikijurajai & W. H. Wilson Tang

  2. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Thanat Chaikijurajai

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Chaikijurajai, T., Tang, W.H.W. Reappraisal of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 17, 9–19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-019-00450-1

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