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The Physiological Importance of Bile Acid Structure and Composition on Glucose Homeostasis

  • Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (ME Patti, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Studies have identified several effects of bile acids (BAs) in glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and body weight control, through receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. BAs are produced from cholesterol and characterized by their structures, which result from enzymes in the liver and the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to characterize the effects of BA structure and composition on diabetes.

Recent Findings

The hydroxyl groups of BAs interact with binding pockets of receptors and enzymes that affect glucose homeostasis. Human and animal studies show that BA composition is associated with insulin resistance and food intake regulation.

Summary

The hydroxylation of BAs and BA composition contributes to glucose regulation. Modulation of BA composition has the potential to improve glucose metabolism.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Rebecca A. Haeusler and Hannah A. Staab at Columbia University Medical Center for helpful discussion and editing.

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  1. Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Sei Higuchi

  2. Russ Berrie Pavilion, Room 315, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Sei Higuchi

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Higuchi, S. The Physiological Importance of Bile Acid Structure and Composition on Glucose Homeostasis. Curr Diab Rep 20, 42 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01329-5

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