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Indoor air quality and its health effects in offices and school buildings in the Yangtze River Delta

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Abstract

Indoor air quality is closely related to human health, and increasing studies have highlighted that poor indoor air quality presents a threat to occupants’ health in office and school buildings. This paper aims to analyze the exposure levels and health effects of indoor air pollutants in office and school buildings in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The published studies from 1980 to 2020 concerning indoor pollutants (including formaldehyde, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, TVOC, benzene, toluene, xylene, ammonia, microbial pollutants, and radon) in this zone were systematically reviewed. The Composite Index Method was used to evaluate indoor air quality, and DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) were evaluated by the IND and ID methods to quantify the health effects of inhaled air pollutants. The review found that PM2.5 concentrations exceeded current standards in China in 57% of the study samples in office buildings, while formaldehyde, benzene, TVOC, and ammonia exceeded existing standards in 60%, 62%, 61%, and 86% of the samples, respectively. In school buildings, 55% and 100% of the samples with the formaldehyde and ammonia concentrations exceeded the limits in standards, respectively. The evaluation of indoor air quality showed that office and school buildings in the Yangtze River Delta were at a medium and light pollution level, respectively. Furthermore, based on the DALYs value, the health risks of studied pollutants were ranked as PM2.5 > formaldehyde > ammonia > benzene > toluene > xylene. This review pointed out that in over half of the studies, the levels of pollutants (PM2.5, formaldehyde, benzene, TVOC, and ammonia) in office and school buildings exceeded the limits set by the current indoor air quality standard. PM2.5 and formaldehyde played important roles in impacting human health. Additionally, the levels of pollution varied among cities, and there were differences in health effects caused by different air pollutants, which should be noticed. This review provides valuable information on the levels and health effects of major pollutants, contributing to the control of main pollutants in school and office buildings.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development of China (2017YFC0702700), the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (21ZR1444800), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51708347).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Chanjuan Sun, Jingyu Chen, Chunxiao Su, Zhijun Zou, Hao Li & Chen Huang

  2. Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China

    Shijie Hong

  3. Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Yinping Zhang, Jinhan Mo & Ningrui Liu

  4. School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Haidong Kan & Zhuohui Zhao

  5. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Furong Deng

  6. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China

    Xiangang Zeng

  7. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Yuexia Sun

  8. School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

    Hua Qian & Xiaohong Zheng

  9. Engineering Research Center of BEEE, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China

    Hua Qian & Xiaohong Zheng

  10. Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China

    Wei Liu

  11. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China

    Jianguo Guo

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  1. Chanjuan Sun
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Contributions

Chanjuan Sun: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—Original Draft. Jingyu Chen: Data collection, Investigation, Formal analysis. Shijie Hong: Data curation, Visualization. Yinping Zhang: Conceptualization, Supervision, Funding acquisition. Haidong Kan: Supervision. Zhuohui Zhao: Methodology. Furong Deng: Project administration. Xiangang Zeng: Resources. Yuexia Sun: Resources, Methodology. Hua Qian: Resources. Wei Liu: Conceptualization, Supervision, Review. Jinhan Mo: Resources, Methodology. Ningrui Liu: Conceptualization, Supervision, Review. Jianguo Guo: Resources, Methodology. Xiaohong Zheng: Resources. Chunxiao Su: Methodology, Data Curation, Review. Zhijun Zou: Resources, Validation. Hao Li: Resources, Validation. Chen Huang: Supervision, Writing—Review and Editing.

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Correspondence to Chen Huang.

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Sun, C., Chen, J., Hong, S. et al. Indoor air quality and its health effects in offices and school buildings in the Yangtze River Delta. Air Qual Atmos Health 16, 1571–1586 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01358-5

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