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Foothold matters: attachment on plant surfaces promotes the vitality of omnivorous mirid bugs Dicyphus errans

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Abstract

Omnivorous predatory mirid bugs Dicyphus errans Wolff and closely related species, belonging to the subfamily Bryocorinae (Heteroptera, Miridae), prefer to live on pubescent plant species, where other entomophagous insects are hampered. Previous studies demonstrated a positive relationship between plant trichome diameter and length with attachment forces of D. errans walking on the plant surface. These force data are now pooled with results obtained in life history and feeding assays. Thus, intriguing relationships in mirid bug–plant associations are elucidated. Foothold matters in the highly complex life of omnivorous D. errans. Similar to previously measured traction forces, corresponding safety factors (attachment force/body weight) increase significantly with trichome diameter and length. Fecundity, hatching rate, and juvenile development relate significantly and positively with increased safety factor. Higher safety factors, i.e., stronger attachment on the plant, correspond to a higher consumption rate. The present study confirms a crucial role of insect–plant interactions at the plant surface–insect integument interface. Insect settlement on plants depends on insect attachment ability (i.e., foothold), which is influenced by plant substrates. Hence, the impact of plant surface structures on mirid bug’s, or even wider, on insect attachment ability and interfacial interactions should further be carefully considered when evaluating insect life history, prey consumption, and multitrophic plant–insect associations in the context of evolution, ecology, and sustainable pest management.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to C. Neinhuis and the staff of the Botanical Garden as well as V. Pohris, M. Müller, and the staff of the Chair for Forest Protection at the Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Geo and Hydro Sciences, Department of Forestry, Technische Universität Dresden (Dresden, Germany) for providing space for the rearing of test plants and insects and for discussions. I. and M. Voigt (Zwickau/Sa., Germany) generously delivered material, intellectual, and active support. The bug species was determined by K. Arnold (Geyer, Germany). U. Wyss (Entofilm, Kiel, Germany) facilitated scientific video recordings. The German companies Ernst Benary Samenzucht GmbH (Muenden), Quedlinburger Saatgut GmbH (Quedlinburg), Bruno Nebelung GmbH & Co. (Everswinkel), JULIWA-HESA GmbH (Heidelberg), Cyclamen-Sprünken (Straelen), Florensis Deutschland GmbH (Weeze), Klemm + Sohn GmbH & Co. KG (Stuttgart), EICH Jungpflanzen Vertriebs GmbH (Grolsheim), Kartoffellager Großwaltersorf (Großwaltersdorf), Friweika eG (Weidensdorf) provided free seeds and young plants; Floragard Vertriebs GmbH für Gartenbau (Oldenburg), Klasmann-Deilmann GmbH (Geeste-Groß Hesepe), and Compo GmbH (Münster) provided free substrates and fertilizers. The populations of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae were obtained from Bayer Cropscience AG (P. Meisner & G. Trautmann, BCS-R-I-BISE-E, Entomology, Monheim, Germany). The German National Academic Foundation (doctoral scholarship, E2002D0730) partially funded the project. Valuable suggestions by two anonymous reviewers are appreciated.

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    Dagmar Voigt

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Voigt, D. Foothold matters: attachment on plant surfaces promotes the vitality of omnivorous mirid bugs Dicyphus errans. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 13, 819–834 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-019-09716-w

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