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Ca2+/CaM increases the necrotrophic pathogen resistance through the inhibition of a CaM-regulated dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone that plays a central role in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens. JA signaling stimulates the increase of cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) and implicates the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs). We previously characterized that Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) activates MPKs by inhibiting a CaM-regulated dual-specificity protein phosphatase1 (DsPTP1) at the biochemical level. In this study, we reported that Ca2+/CaM-mediated DsPTP1 negatively regulates the resistance to necrotrophic pathogens through the inhibition of JA-responsive MPK6. To elucidate the physiological function of inhibiting DsPTP1 activity by Ca2+/CaM, we constructed transgenic plants overexpressing DsPTP1 wild type (DsPTP1WT OX) and CaM deregulated mutant (DsPTP1K166E OX). Interestingly, the MPK6 activity was significantly reduced in DsPTP1K166E OX plants in response to JA compared to DsPTP1WT OX plants. Moreover, transcript levels of JA-responsive gene PDF1.2 and VSP1 were also highly decreased in DsPTP1K166E OX plants compared to DsPTP1WT OX plants. Furthermore, DsPTP1K166E OX plants showed more susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens than DsPTP1WT OX plants. Conclusively, these results suggest that Ca2+/CaM activates the JA-responsive MPKs by inhibiting DsPTP1 for the resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (No. PJ01590901) funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea and by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Nos. 2021R1I1A1A01040693 and 2020R1A6A1A03044344), and partly supported by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 106.02-2017.09.

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  1. Nhan Thi Nguyen and Sun Ho Kim authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea

    Nhan Thi Nguyen, Sun Ho Kim, Kyung Eun Kim, Sunghwa Bahk, Jong Chan Hong & Woo Sik Chung

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea

    Min Gab Kim

  3. Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, 12406, Vietnam

    Xuan Canh Nguyen

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  1. Nhan Thi Nguyen
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Contributions

S.H.K., N.T.N., and W.S.C. designed, planned, and organized the experiments. S.H.K., N.T.N., K.E.K., S.B., and M.G.K. performed biochemical experiments in this study. S.H.K., N.T.N., X.C.N., J.C.H., and W.S.C. analyzed data and wrote the manuscript with feedback from all authors.

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Correspondence to Woo Sik Chung.

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Nguyen, N.T., Kim, S.H., Kim, K.E. et al. Ca2+/CaM increases the necrotrophic pathogen resistance through the inhibition of a CaM-regulated dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 in Arabidopsis. Plant Biotechnol Rep 16, 71–78 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-021-00729-7

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