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Seismic dynamic monitoring in CO2 flooding based on characterization of frequency-dependent velocity factor

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Abstract

The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO2 gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reservoir conditions it is thus feasible to extract the frequency-dependent velocity factor with the aim of monitoring changes in the reservoir both before and after CO2 injection. In the paper, we derive a quantitative expression for the frequency-dependent factor based on the Robinson seismic convolution model. In addition, an inversion equation with a frequency-dependent velocity factor is constructed, and a procedure is implemented using the following four processing steps: decomposition of the spectrum by generalized S transform, wavelet extraction of cross-well seismic traces, spectrum equalization processing, and an extraction method for frequency-dependent velocity factor based on the damped least-square algorithm. An attenuation layered model is then established based on changes in the Q value of the viscoelastic medium, and spectra of migration profiles from forward modeling are obtained and analyzed. Frequency-dependent factors are extracted and compared, and the effectiveness of the method is then verified using a synthetic data. The frequency-dependent velocity factor is finally applied to target processing and oil displacement monitoring based on real seismic data obtained before and after CO2 injection in the G89 well block within Shengli oilfield. Profiles and slices of the frequency-dependent factor determine its ability to indicate differences in CO2 flooding, and the predicting results are highly consistent with those of practical investigations within the well block.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China

    Jun-Hua Zhang, Jun Li & Wen Xiao

  2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Jun-Hua Zhang, Jun Li & Wen Xiao

  3. Geophysical Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Branch Company, Sinopec, Dongying, 257015, China

    Ming-You Tan, Yun-Ying Zhang, Shi-Ling Cui & Zhi-Peng Qu

Authors
  1. Jun-Hua Zhang
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  2. Jun Li
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  3. Wen Xiao
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  4. Ming-You Tan
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  5. Yun-Ying Zhang
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  6. Shi-Ling Cui
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  7. Zhi-Peng Qu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun-Hua Zhang.

Additional information

This work was supported by the Pilot Project of Sinopec (P14085).

Zhang Jun-Hua (Professor) gained a B.S. in Geophysical Prospecting in 1987, a M.S. in Geophysical Exploration and Information Technology in 1995, and a Ph.D. from the China University of Petroleum (East China) in 2002. He is currently at the School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China).

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Zhang, JH., Li, J., Xiao, W. et al. Seismic dynamic monitoring in CO2 flooding based on characterization of frequency-dependent velocity factor. Appl. Geophys. 13, 307–314 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-016-0559-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-016-0559-8

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