Intramedullary versus Extramedullary Tibial Cutting Guide in Severely Obese Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Study of 70 Patients with Body Mass Index >35 kg/m²

Abstract

Background

Patients with obesity have an increased risk of osteoarthritis of the knee, which can lead to the need for total knee replacement (TKR). TKR may be more complex in obese patients and the correct orientation of the implant is more difficult. We selected patients with body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m² undergoing TKR and studied the utility of an intramedullary tibial cutting guide in facilitating the correct orientation of the tibial implant.

Methods

Seventy patients with BMI >35 kg/m² were selected for a prospective, randomized study. Patients were divided into two groups: In group 1 (n = 31), the tibial component was implanted using the aid of a intramedullary tibial guide. In group 2 (n = 39), the tibial component was implanted using the aid of an extramedullary tibial cutting guide.

Results

The two groups were comparable with respect to age, BMI, and degree of preoperative deformity. Mean age was 69.35 in group 1 and 70.06 in group 2. Group 1 had a mean BMI of 39.84 kg/m² and group 2 of 40.05 kg/m². Postoperative orientation of the femur and tibia and the mechanical axis were within the normal range in both groups. A statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed in tourniquet time, which was longer in group 2 than in group 1 (p = 0.038).

Conclusion

Two types of guide were compared in correctly orienting the tibial component of the TKR in patients with a BMI >35 kg/m². The lesser tourniquet time in the group in which the intramedullary guide was used suggest its usefulness because the positioning and orientation of the tibial cut was carried out more rapidly and anatomical references were not needed for correct orientation, as it is guided by the anatomical axis of the tibia. The use of the intramedullary guide reduces surgical time in these patients.