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A floristic survey of the Hyrcanian forests in Northern Iran, using two lowland-mountain transects

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Abstract

We investigated the floristic composition of the Hyrcanian forests and the related forest-steppe ecotone in Northern Iran by using two long ecological transects, from lowland to upper mountain areas. The study was conducted during 2008 and 2009 and yielded the identification of 395 plant taxa belonging to 233 genera and 78 families. Dicots with 300 taxa were the richest groups of the flora, followed by monocots with 75 taxa, pteridophytes with 18 species, and gymnosperms with two species. The largest families were Asteraceae (33 taxa); Rosaceae (32 taxa); and Poaceae (30 taxa), and the most diverse genera included Carex (15 taxa); Alchemilla (7 taxa); and Poa, Geranium and Acer (6 taxa each). Hemicryptophytes were the most dominant life forms in the area (40 %); followed by geophytes (31.4 %); phanerophytes (15.4 %); therophytes (11.4 %); and chamaephytes (1.8 %). Phytogeographically, Euro-Siberian/Irano-Turanian elements (86 taxa, 21.8 %) and Euro-Siberian elements (85 taxa, 21.5 %) were the most common chorotypes in the area. Out of 395 taxa, 66 taxa (16.7 %) were endemics and subendemics in Iran, of which 26 taxa were exclusively endemics of Iran. According to the IUCN Red List Categories, 48 threatened plant taxa were found in the study area. Plant diversity, life form, and chorotypes in the current study were compared with similar transect studies in other areas of the Hyrcanian forests and in different altitudinal belts, using Sørenson similarity indices. Floristic composition of the surveyed transects demonstrated almost 50 % similarity between them.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Department of the Environment of Iran (DOE), the Mazandaran Provincial DOE and Rudsar Department of Natural Resources for their logistics support and assistance during field studies. The authors are also indebted to the University of Mazandaran, for financial support of the project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, P.O. Box 47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran

    Alireza Naqinezhad

  2. Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tarbiat-Modares, Tehran, 14115-154, Iran

    Hassan Zare-Maivan & Hamid Gholizadeh

Authors
  1. Alireza Naqinezhad
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  2. Hassan Zare-Maivan
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  3. Hamid Gholizadeh
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Correspondence to Alireza Naqinezhad.

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Corresponding editor: Hu Yanbo

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Naqinezhad, A., Zare-Maivan, H. & Gholizadeh, H. A floristic survey of the Hyrcanian forests in Northern Iran, using two lowland-mountain transects. J. For. Res. 26, 187–199 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0019-y

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