Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Microstructural Characterization of Diffusion Bonds Assisted by Ni/Ti Nanolayers

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The microstructure of similar and dissimilar diffusion bonds of metallic materials using reactive Ni/Ti interlayers was studied in this investigation. The base material surfaces were modified by sputter deposition of alternated Ni and Ti nanolayers. These nanolayers increase the diffusivity at the interface, enhancing the bonding process. Bonding experiments were performed at 800 °C under a pressure of 10 MPa with a bonding time of 60 min. The reaction zone was characterized by high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Microstructural characterization reveals that similar (NiTi to NiTi and TiAl to TiAl) and dissimilar (NiTi to Ti6Al4V and TiAl to stainless steel) joints can be obtained successfully with Ni/Ti reactive nanolayers. The interfaces are thin (<10 µm) and their microstructure (thickness and number of zones, size and shape of the grains) depends on the elements diffusing from the base materials. For all joints, the interface is mainly composed of equiaxed grains of NiTi and NiTi2.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D.M. Dimiduk, Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys—An Assessment Within the Competition of Aerospace Structural Materials, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, 263(2), p 281–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. F. Appel, U. Brossmann, U. Christoph, S. Eggert, P. Janschek, U. Lorenz, J. Mullauer, M. Oehring, and J.D.H. Paul, Recent Progress in the Development of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2000, 2(11), p 699–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Clemens and H. Kestler, Processing and Application of Intermetallic γ-TiAl-Based Alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2000, 2, p 551–570

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. F.H. Froes, C. Suryanarayana, and D. Eliezer, Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Titanium Aluminides, J. Mater. Sci., 1992, 27(19), p 5113–5140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. O.M. Akselsen, Joining of Shape Memory Alloys, Shape Memory Alloys, C. Cismasiu, Ed., Sciyo, Rijeka, 2010, p 183

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. Cao, J. Qi, X. Song, and J. Feng, Welding and Joining of Titanium Aluminides, Materials, 2014, 7(7), p 4930–4962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. W. Glatz and H. Clemens, Diffusion Bonding of Intermetallic Ti-47Al-2Cr-0.2Si Sheet Material and Mechanical Properties of Joints at Room Temperature and Elevated Temperatures, Intermetallics, 1997, 5(6), p 415–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Çam and M. Koçak, Diffusion Bonding of Investment Cast γ-TiAl, J. Mater. Sci., 1999, 34, p 3345–3354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Çam, H. Clemens, R. Gerling, and M. Koçak, Diffusion Bonding of γ-TiAl Sheets, Intermetallics, 1999, 7(9), p 1025–1031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Wang, H. Li, Z. Li, and J. Feng, Research on Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding Process of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy to Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Eng., 2008, 9, p 48–55

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. Çam, G. Ipekoglu, K.H. Bohm, and M. Koçak, Investigation into the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diffusion Bonded TiAl Alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 2006, 41(16), p 5273–5282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Duarte, A.S. Ramos, M.F. Vieira, F. Viana, M.T. Vieira, and M. Koçak, Solid-State Diffusion Bonding of Gamma-TiAl Alloys using Ti/Al Thin Films as Interlayers, Intermetallics, 2006, 14(10–11), p 1151–1156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A.I. Ustinov, YuV Falchenko, AYa Ishchenko, G.K. Kharchenko, Y.V. Melnichenko, and A.N. Muraveynik, Diffusion Bonding of Y-TiAl Based Alloys Through Nano-layered Foil of Ti/Al System, Intermetallics, 2008, 16, p 1043–1045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Cao, J.C. Feng, and Z.R. Li, Microstructure and Fracture Properties of Reaction-Assisted Diffusion Bonding of TiAl Intermetallic With Al/Ni Multilayer Foils, J. Alloys Compd., 2008, 466, p 363–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Simões, F. Viana, V. Ventzke, M. Koçak, A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, and M.F. Vieira, Diffusion Bonding of TiAl using Ni/Al Multilayers, J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45, p 4351–4357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Simões, F. Viana, M. Koçak, A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, and M.F. Vieira, Diffusion Bonding of TiAl using Reactive Ni/Al Nanolayers and Ti and Ni Foils, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2011, 128, p 202–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Simões, F. Viana, M. Koçak, A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, and M.F. Vieira, Microstructure of Reaction Zone Formed during Diffusion Bonding of TiAl with Ni/Al Multilayer, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21, p 678–682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Cao, X.G. Song, L.Z. Wu, J.L. Qi, and J.C. Feng, Characterization of Al/Ni Multilayers and Their Application in Diffusion Bonding of TiAl to TiC Cermet, Thin Solid Films, 2012, 520, p 3528–3531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, S. Simões, F. Viana, and M.F. Vieira, Joining of Superalloys to Intermetallics Using Nanolayers, Adv. Mater. Res., 2009, 59, p 225–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Simões, F. Viana, M. Koçak, A. S. Ramos, M. T. Vieira and M. F. Vieira, Diffusion Bonding of TiAl Alloys to Steel Using Ni/Al Nanolayers, Proc. of Int. Cong. on Advances in Welding Science and Technology for Construction, Energy and Transportation Systems, October 24/25, Antalya, Turkey, 2011

  21. S. Simões, F. Viana, A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, and M.F. Vieira, Reaction Zone Formed during Diffusion Bonding of TiNi to Ti6Al4 V using Ni/Ti Nanolayers, J. Mater. Sci., 2013, 48, p 7718–7727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A.J. Cavaleiro, A.S. Ramos, and F.M. Braz, Fernandes, N. Schell and M. T. Vieira, In Situ Characterization of NiTi/Ti6Al4 V Joints during Reaction-assisted Diffusion Bonding using Ni/Ti nanolayers, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, 23, p 1625–1629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. T.C. Isabel and V.P. Dravid, Resolution and Sensitivity of Electron Backscattered Diffraction in a Cold Field Emission Gun SEM, Ultramicroscopy, 1997, 67(1–4), p 59–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. E. Povoden-Karadeniz, D.C. Cirstea, P. Lang, T. Wojcik, and E. Kozeschnik, Thermodynamics of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloys, Calphad, 2013, 41, p 128–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. G.B. Kale, R.V. Patil, and P.S. Gawade, Interdiffusion Studies in Titanium-304 Stainless Steel System, J. Nucl. Mater., 1998, 257, p 44–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is sponsored by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade—and by national funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia—under the project UID/EMS/00285/2013. The authors are grateful to CEMUP—Centro de Materiais da Universidade do Porto for expert assistance with SEM.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEMUC Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    Sónia Simões, Filomena Viana & Manuel F. Vieira

  2. CEMUC Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, R. Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal

    A. Sofia Ramos & M. Teresa Vieira

Authors
  1. Sónia Simões
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Filomena Viana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Sofia Ramos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Teresa Vieira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Manuel F. Vieira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sónia Simões.

Additional information

This article is an invited submission to JMEP selected from presentations at the Symposium “Joining Technologies,” belonging to the Topic “Joining and Interfaces” at the European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Processes (EUROMAT 2015), held on September 20-24, 2015, in Warsaw, Poland, and has been expanded from the original presentation.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Simões, S., Viana, F., Sofia Ramos, A. et al. Microstructural Characterization of Diffusion Bonds Assisted by Ni/Ti Nanolayers. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 25, 3245–3251 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2135-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2135-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation