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Significant Improvement of Cleanliness and Macro/Microstructure of As-Cast AISI M42 High-Speed Steel by Mg Treatment

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Abstract

The modification effects of surface-active element Mg on the inclusions and macro/microstructure of as-cast M42 high-speed steel were investigated by microscopy analyses, thermodynamic calculations, and first-principles DFT calculations. The results indicated that Mg treatment changed the inclusion type from MgO·Al2O3 and MnS to MgO and MgS. The contents of O and S as well as the average size and number density of inclusions gradually decreased with the increase of Mg addition amount due to the accelerated floating up of inclusions. Increasing Mg content reduced the secondary dendrite arm spacing and the average thickness of eutectic ledeburite. The refinement of as-cast microstructure by Mg treatment could be attributed to the combined effects of heterogeneous nucleation of primary austenite on MgS inclusions and the solute segregation effect of Mg. The enrichment of solute Mg in the interdendritic regions was identified by ToF-SIMS. Increasing Mg content significantly reduced the precipitation of eutectic carbides by decreasing Mo enrichment and C activity in the residual liquid. Moreover, increasing Mg content inhibited the formation of M6C eutectic carbides and promoted the precipitation of M2C eutectic carbides by increasing C segregation and decreasing Mo segregation, and thus, significantly improved the homogeneity of as-cast macrostructure.

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Acknowledgments

This research was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos. 51774074, U1960203, and U1908223], Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant Nos. N2125017 and N2025014], Talent Project of Revitalizing Liaoning (Grant No. XLYC1902046) and China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents [Grant No. BX20200076]. Special thanks are due to the instrumental analysis from Analytical and Testing Centre, Northeastern University.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, P.R. China

    Wei-Chao Jiao, Hua-Bing Li, Hao Feng, Zhou-Hua Jiang, Hai-Jian Wang & Hong-Chun Zhu

  2. Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, P.R. China

    Hua-Bing Li & Zhou-Hua Jiang

  3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79, West Yingze Avenue, Wanbailin Distrct, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P.R. China

    Pei-De Han

  4. Metallurgical Technology Institute, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, No. 76, Xueyuan Nanlu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China

    Wei Wu

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  1. Wei-Chao Jiao
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Jiao, WC., Li, HB., Feng, H. et al. Significant Improvement of Cleanliness and Macro/Microstructure of As-Cast AISI M42 High-Speed Steel by Mg Treatment. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 1196–1211 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02436-2

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