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The Yttrium Effect on Nanoscale Structure, Mechanical Properties, and High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of (Ti0.6Al0.4)1–x Y x N Multilayer Coatings

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Abstract

As machine tool coating specifications become increasingly stringent, the fabrication of protective titanium aluminum nitride (Ti-Al-N) films by physical vapor deposition (PVD) is progressively more demanding. Nanostructural modification through the incorporation of metal dopants can enhance coating mechanical properties. However, dopant selection and their near-atomic-scale role in performance optimization is limited. Here, yttrium was alloyed in multilayered Ti-Al-N films to tune microstructures, microchemistries, and properties, including mechanical characteristics, adhesion, wear resistance, and resilience to oxidation. By regulating processing parameters, the multilayer period (Λ) and Y content could be adjusted, which, in turn, permitted tailoring of grain nucleation and secondary phase formation. With the composition fixed at x = 0.024 in (Ti0.6Al0.4)1–x Y x N and Λ increased from 5.5 to 24 nm, the microstructure transformed from acicular grains with 〈111〉 preferred orientation to equiaxed grains with 〈200〉 texture, while the hardness (40.8 ± 2.8 GPa to 29.7 ± 4.9 GPa) and Young’s modulus (490 ± 47 GPa to 424 ± 50 GPa) concomitantly deteriorated. Alternately, when Λ = 5.5 nm and x in (Ti0.6Al0.4)1–x Y x N was raised from 0 to 0.024, the hardness was enhanced (28.7 ± 7.3 GPa to 40.8 ± 2.8 GPa) while adhesion and wear resistance were not compromised. The Ti-Al-N adopted a rock-salt type structure with Y displacing either Ti or Al and stabilizing a secondary wurtzite phase. Moreover, Y effectively retarded coating oxidation at 1073 K (800 °C) in air by inhibiting grain boundary oxygen diffusion.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the ERI @ NTU and the CEA Cross-Cutting Program on Advanced Materials. One of the authors (JW) was financially supported by an IGS/ERI @ NTU scholarship and the Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 1 RG 76/12 (M4011088.070). Microstructural characterization was performed at the Facility for Analysis, Characterization, Testing and Simulation (FACTS) in NTU and the Ernst Ruska–Centre (ER-C) for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons in Forschungszentrum Jülich. The fabrication and testing work was supported by Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Jingxian Wang, Claude Guet, Timothy J. White & ZhiLi Dong

  2. Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore

    Jingxian Wang, Claude Guet & Timothy J. White

  3. Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR 6174, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, Site de Montbéliard, 90010, Belfort, France

    Mohammad Arab Pour Yazdi & Alain Billard

  4. Den–Service d’Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France

    Fernando Lomello

  5. PGI-5, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH in the Helmholtz Association, 52425, Julich, Germany

    András Kovács

  6. CEA Cross-Cutting program on Advanced Materials Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Frédéric Schuster

  7. SiMaP, UMR CNRS, UJF/Grenoble INP, 38402, Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

    Yves Wouters & Céline Pascal

  8. LRC CEA-ICD-LASMIS-UTT, Antenne de Nogent-52, 52800, Nogent, France

    Frédéric Sanchette

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  1. Jingxian Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to ZhiLi Dong.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted October 6, 2016.

Electronic supplementary material

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Supplementary material 1

HRTEM with indexed FFT of the 2.4 at% Y coating with Λ = 24nm shows the existence of wurtzite phase (TIFF 4399 kb)

Supplementary material 2

Al, Ti and Y line profiles by EDS for 2.4 at% Y coatings with average Λ of (a) 5.5 nm, (b) 8 nm, (c) 13 nm and (d) 24 nm (TIFF 3391 kb)

Supplementary material 3

SEM and EDX element profiles along thickness direction of the 1.2 at% Y coating cross-section (TIFF 2999 kb)

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Wang, J., Yazdi, M.A.P., Lomello, F. et al. The Yttrium Effect on Nanoscale Structure, Mechanical Properties, and High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of (Ti0.6Al0.4)1–x Y x N Multilayer Coatings. Metall Mater Trans A 48, 4097–4110 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4187-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4187-6

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