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Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Y2O3-Dispersed Ferritic Alloy Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying and Consolidated by High-Pressure Sintering

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Abstract

In this study, an attempt has been made to synthesize 1.0 wt pct nano-Y2O3-dispersed ferritic alloys with nominal compositions: 83.0 Fe-13.5 Cr-2.0 Al-0.5 Ti (alloy A), 79.0 Fe-17.5 Cr-2.0 Al-0.5 Ti (alloy B), 75.0 Fe-21.5 Cr-2.0 Al-0.5 Ti (alloy C), and 71.0 Fe-25.5 Cr-2.0 Al-0.5 Ti (alloy D) steels (all in wt pct) by solid-state mechanical alloying route and consolidation the milled powder by high-pressure sintering at 873 K, 1073 K, and 1273 K (600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C) using 8 GPa uniaxial pressure for 3 minutes. Subsequently, an extensive effort has been undertaken to characterize the microstructural and phase evolution by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Mechanical properties including hardness, compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness were determined using micro/nano-indentation unit and universal testing machine. The present ferritic alloys record extraordinary levels of compressive strength (from 1150 to 2550 MPa), Young’s modulus (from 200 to 240 GPa), indentation fracture toughness (from 3.6 to 15.4 MPa√m), and hardness (from13.5 to 18.5 GPa) and measure up to 1.5 through 2 times greater strength but with a lower density (~7.4 Mg/m3) than other oxide dispersion-strengthened ferritic steels (<1200 MPa) or tungsten-based alloys (<2200 MPa). Besides superior mechanical strength, the novelty of these alloys lies in the unique microstructure comprising uniform distribution of either nanometric (~10 nm) oxide (Y2Ti2O7/Y2TiO5 or un-reacted Y2O3) or intermetallic (Fe11TiY and Al9.22Cr2.78Y) particles' ferritic matrix useful for grain boundary pinning and creep resistance.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors (I.M.) gratefully acknowledges partial financial support from the Indian National Academy of Engineering (Project: VVC), Department of Science and Technology (J C Bose Fellowship) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (OLP280 at CSIR-CGCRI). We thankful to Dr. Witold Zielinski, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland, for conducting microstructure characterization under transmission electron microscope JEM 1200 (JEOL, 200 kV).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India

    Swapan Kumar Karak (Ph.D. Student)

  2. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    J. Dutta Majumdar (Co-Supervisor)

  3. Institute of High Pressure Physics (Unipress), Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland

    Zbigniew Witczak (Researcher) & Witold Lojkowski (Senior researcher and Group-head)

  4. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland

    Łukasz Ciupiński (Researcher) & K. J. Kurzydłowski (Senior researcher and Institute-head)

  5. CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Indranil Manna (Main supervisor and Director)

  6. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, U.P., India

    Indranil Manna (Main supervisor and Director)

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  1. Swapan Kumar Karak
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Correspondence to Indranil Manna.

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Manuscript submitted July 1, 2012.

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Karak, S.K., Dutta Majumdar, J., Witczak, Z. et al. Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Y2O3-Dispersed Ferritic Alloy Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying and Consolidated by High-Pressure Sintering. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 2884–2894 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1627-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1627-9

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