Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simultaneous Observation of Melt Flow and Motion of Equiaxed Crystals During Solidification Using a Dual Phase Particle Image Velocimetry Technique. Part II: Relative Velocities

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A two-camera Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique is applied to study the flow pattern and the equiaxed crystal motion during an equiaxed/columnar solidification process of Ammonium Chloride in a die cast cell. This technique is able to measure simultaneously the liquid and the equiaxed grain velocity pattern as already shown in Part I of this paper. The interaction between the equiaxed grains and the melt flow was explored by means of relative velocities. In single isolated configurations, the settling velocity of equiaxed crystal was found to be 41 times smaller than spheres of equivalent size. The coupling between the fluid flow and the equiaxed crystals was found to be important in areas of high crystal density. Chaotic and turbulent behaviors are found to be damped in regions of high equiaxed crystal density.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C. Beckermann and R. Viskanta: Appl. Mech. Rev., 1993, vol. 46, pp. 1-27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. C. Beckermann (1993) In: T. S. Piwonka, V. Voller, L. Kategerman (eds) Int Conf Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VI. TMS, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, pp 181-192

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Rappaz: Int. Mater. Rev., 1989, vol. 34, pp. 93-123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R.A. Gore, C.T. Crowe (1991) J. Fluid Eng. T. ASME 113:304–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Hetsroni: Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 1989, vol.15, pp. 735-746.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D.A. Kalitov and E.K. Longmire: Exp. Fluids, 2002, vol. 32, pp. 252-268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Kitagawa, Y. Hagiwara, T. Kouda: Exp. Fluids, 2007, vol.42, pp. 871-880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Montante and F. Magelli: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2007, vol. 46, pp. 2885-2891.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Virdung, A. Rasmuson (2003) Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Mixing. VDI-GVC, Bamberg, pp. 129-136.

    Google Scholar 

  10. FLUENT (2006) User’s Guide. Fluent Inc., Lebanon, NH.

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. Beckermann and C.Y. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 2784-2795.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C.Y. Wang and C. Beckermann : Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 2754-2764.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. C.Y. Wang and C. Beckermann: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 2765-2783.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R.J. Adrian: Annual. Rev. Fluid Mech., 1991, vol. 23, pp. 261-304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Z.-C. Liu, C.C. Landreth, R.J. Adrian, T.J. Hanratty: Experiments in Fluids, 1991, vol. 10, pp. 301-312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Willert, B. Stasicki, M. Raffel, J. Kompenhans (1995) SPIE Proc. 2546:32-39.

    Google Scholar 

  17. K. Okamoto and M. Oki: Int. Conf. on Adv. Optical Diagnostics in Fluids, Solids and Combustion, Tokyo, Japan, 2004, pp. 1-5.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Y.A. Hassan, W.D. Schmidl, J. Ortiz-Villafuerte: J. of Visualization, 1998, vol. 1, pp. 291-301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. M. C. Delauré, V. S. S. Chan, D. B. Murray: Exp. Thermal and Fluid Sci., 2003, vol. 27, pp. 911-926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. C. Beckermann, C. Fan, J. Mihailovic: Int. Video J. of Eng. Res., 1991, vol. 1, pp. 71-82.

    Google Scholar 

  21. B. Appolaire, V. Albert, H. Combeau, G. Lesoult: ISIJ International, 1999, vol. 39, pp. 263-270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Appolaire, Ph.D., INPL, 1999.

  23. C. Bizon, J. Werne, A.A. Predtechensky, K. Julien, W.D. McCormick, J.B. Swift, H.L. Swinney: Chaos, 1997, vol. 7, pp. 107-124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C.Y. Wang, S. Ahula, C, Beckermann, H.C. de Groh III (1995) Met. Mater. Trans. B, 26:111-119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Badillo, D. Ceynar, C. Beckermann: J. of Crystal Growth, 2007, vol. 309, pp. 197-215.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Badillo, D. Ceynar, C. Beckermann: J. of Crystal Growth, 2007, vol. 309, pp.216-224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. B. Appolaire, H. Combeau, G. Lesoult: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, vol. 487, pp. 33-45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Wu and A. Ludwig: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 5621-5631.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Wu, A. Ludwig (2009) Acta Mater 57:5632-5644.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. P. Tang, H.-K. Chan, J.A. Raper: Powder Technology, 2004, vol. 147, pp. 64-78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. N. Zabaras and D. Samanta: Int. J. Num. Method Engng., 2004, vol. 60, pp. 1103-1138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We kindly acknowledge the FWF (Austrian Science Fund, grant number P17619-N02 and P22614-N22) which paid the PhD scholarship for Mrs. Stefan-Kharicha who performed the experiences, measurements, and calculations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy, University of Leoben, Leoben, Austria

    Abdellah Kharicha (Research Team Leader), Mihaela Stefan-Kharicha (Ph.D. Student), Andreas Ludwig (Professor) & Menghuai Wu (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. Abdellah Kharicha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mihaela Stefan-Kharicha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andreas Ludwig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Menghuai Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdellah Kharicha.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted March 23, 2012.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kharicha, A., Stefan-Kharicha, M., Ludwig, A. et al. Simultaneous Observation of Melt Flow and Motion of Equiaxed Crystals During Solidification Using a Dual Phase Particle Image Velocimetry Technique. Part II: Relative Velocities. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 661–668 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1415-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1415-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation