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Low bone mineral density is associated with metabolic syndrome in South Korean men but not in women: The 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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Abstract

Summary

We examined the relationships between bone mineral density (BMD) and metabolic syndrome in 6,659 men and 7,826 women from South Korean. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), tobacco and alcohol use, and regular exercise, low BMD is especially associated with metabolic syndrome in South Korean men.

Purpose

This study examined the relationships between BMD and metabolic syndrome (MS) in South Korean adults.

Methods

A total of 14,485 adults (6,659 men and 7,826 women) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed. We used multivariable regression models to examine the relationship between low BMD and MS. We calculated homeostasis model assessment and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). MS was defined according to AHA/NHLBI criteria for Asians. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS), femur neck (FN), total hip (TH), trochanter, and intertrochanter.

Results

After adjustment for age, BMI, tobacco and alcohol use, and regular exercise, the TH and FN BMD were significantly lower in men with MS than in men without MS (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In men, BMD was positively correlated with BMI, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, but was negatively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride at all three sites (p < 0.05). Along with an increase of BMD (0.1 g/cm2), the odds ratios (ORs) for obesity and abdominal obesity were all greater than 1 at all sites in both genders. The ORs for hypertension and MS were 0.937 (0.879–0.998) and 0.899 (0.840–0.962), respectively at FN, and the OR for diabetes mellitus was 1.103 (1.017–1.196) at LS in men. In postmenopausal women, the OR for hypertension was 1.133 (1.029–1.246) at LS.

Conclusions

Low BMD was especially associated with MS in South Korean men.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who performed the KNHANES. Thanks to Anna Kim for translating this manuscript into English.

Conflicts of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5Ka, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea

    Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyung-Hwan Cho, Youn Seon Choi, Seon-Mee Kim, Ga-Eun Nam, Seung-Hwan Lee, Byung-Joon Ko & Do-Hoon Kim

  2. Department of Medical Statistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Yong-Gyu Park & Kyung Do Han

  3. Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Sanbon, Korea

    Kyung-Shik Lee

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  1. Yang-Hyun Kim
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Kim, YH., Cho, KH., Choi, Y.S. et al. Low bone mineral density is associated with metabolic syndrome in South Korean men but not in women: The 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Osteoporos 8, 142 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-013-0142-3

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