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Axial head rotation increases facet joint capsular ligament strains in automotive rear impact

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Abstract

Axial head rotation prior to low speed automotive rear impacts has been clinically identified to increase morbidity and symptom duration. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of axial head rotation on facet joint capsule strains during simulated rear impacts. The study was conducted using a validated intact head to first thoracic vertebra (T1) computational model. Parametric analysis was used to assess effects of increasing axial head rotation between 0 and 60° and increasing impact severity between 8 and 24 km/h on facet joint capsule strains. Rear impacts were simulated by horizontally accelerating the T1 vertebra. Characteristics of the acceleration pulse were based on the horizontal T1 acceleration pulse from a series of simulated rear impact experiments using full-body post mortem human subjects. Joint capsule strain magnitudes were greatest in ipsilateral facet joints for all simulations incorporating axial head rotation (i.e., head rotation to the left caused higher ligament strain at the left facet joint capsule). Strain magnitudes increased by 47–196% in simulations with 60° head rotation compared to forward facing simulations. These findings indicate that axial head rotation prior to rear impact increases the risk of facet joint injury.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded in part by Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin, the Medical College of Wisconsin Injury Research Center Seed Project Program, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research.

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Correspondence to Brian D. Stemper.

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Storvik, S.G., Stemper, B.D. Axial head rotation increases facet joint capsular ligament strains in automotive rear impact. Med Biol Eng Comput 49, 153–161 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-010-0682-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-010-0682-2

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