Skip to main content
Log in

C band single pump photonic crystal fiber Raman amplifier

  • Articles
  • Optoelectronics
  • Published:
Chinese Science Bulletin

Abstract

A novel twin-core photonic crystal fiber was proposed to reduce the complexity and cost of fiber Raman amplifiers. By means of a proper design, this fiber could acquire a higher and flatter Raman gain efficiency coefficient curve r R=g R/A eff over a specified band of wavelength than a conventional fiber. A Raman amplifier was designed with this novel twin-core photonic crystal fiber to operate in C band from 1530 nm to 1565 nm. A remarkable improvement over a conventional fiber Raman amplifier was obtained. It was numerically demonstrated that when pumped with a single source, an average gain of 8.7 dB with a fluctuation of less than 0.9 dB is achievable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kaewplung P, Kikuchi K. Simultaneous cancellation of fiber loss, dispersion, and Kerr effect in ultralong-haul optical fiber transmission by midway optical phase conjugation incorporated with distributed Raman amplification. J Lightwave Technol, 2007, 25: 3035–3050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Reichmann K C, Iannone P P, Zhou X, et al. 240-km CWDM transmission using cascaded SOA Raman hybrid amplifiers with 70-nm bandwidth. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2006, 18: 328–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Weisser S, Ferber S, Raddatz L, et al. Single- and alternating polarization 170-GB/s transmission up to 4000 km using dispersion-managed fiber and all-Raman amplification. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2006, 18: 1320–1322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Islam M N. Raman amplifiers for telecommunications. IEEE J Sel Topics Quantum Electron, 2002, 8: 548–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Namiki S, Seo K, Tsukiji N, et al. Challenges of Raman amplification. Proc IEEE. 2006, 94: 1024–1035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bromage J. Raman amplification for fiber communications systems. J Lightwave Technol, 2004, 22: 79–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Stolen R H, Ippen E P. Raman gain in glass optical waveguides. Appl Phys Lett, 1973, 22: 276–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhou J, Chen J, Li X, et al. A novel pump adjustment method for WDM pumped optical Raman amplifier. Opt Commu, 2005, 248: 407–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhou X, Lu C, Shum P, et al. A simplified model and optimal design of a multiwavelength backward-pumped fiber Raman amplifier. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2001, 13: 945–947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Emori Y, Tanaka K Namiki S. 100 nm bandwidth flat-gain Raman amplifiers pumped and gain-equalised by 12-wavelength-channel WDM laser diode unit. Electron Lett, 1999, 35:1355–1356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu X, Lee B. Optimal design of fiber Raman amplifier based on hy brid genetic algorithm. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2004, 16: 428–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Perlin V E, Winful H G. Optimal design of flat-gain wide-band fiber Raman amplifiers. J Lightwave Technol, 2002, 20: 250–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Perlin V E, Winful H G. On distributed Raman amplification for ultrabroad-band long-haul WDM systems. J Lightwave Technol, 2002, 20: 409–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mogilevtsev D, Birks T A, Russell P S J. Group-velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibers. Opt Lett, 1998, 23: 1662–1664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Broderick N G R, Monro T M, Bennett P J, et al. Nonlinearity in holey fibers: Measurement and future opportunities. Opt Lett, 1999, 24:1395–1397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ortigosa-Blanch A, Knight J C, Wadsworth W J, et al. Highly birefringent photonic crystal fibers. Opt Lett, 2000, 25: 1325–1327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Birks T A, Knight J C, Russell P S J. Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber. Opt Lett, 1997, 22: 961–963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. De Matos C J S, Hansen K P, Taylor J R. Experimental characterisation of Raman gain efficiency of holey fibre. Electron Lett, 2003, 39: 424–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yariv A. Optical Electronics in Modern Communications (in Chinese). 5th ed. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2002. 398–402

    Google Scholar 

  20. Eberhart R, Kennedy J. A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, 1995 Oct 4–6, Nagoya. Piscataway: IEEE, 1995. 39–43

    Google Scholar 

  21. Laskari E C, Parsopoulos K E, Vrahatis M N. Particle swarm optimization for minimax problems. In: Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2002 May 12–17, Honolulu. Piscataway: IEEE, 2002. 1576–1581

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mendes R, Cortez P, Rocha M, et al. Particle swarms for feed forward neural network training. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2002 May 12–17, Honolulu. Piscataway: IEEE, 2002. 1895–1899

    Google Scholar 

  23. Esmin A A A, Aoki A R, Lambert-Torres G. Particle swarm optimization for fuzzy membership functions optimization. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2002 Oct 6–9, Yasmine Hammamet. Piscataway: IEEE, 2002. 106–111

    Google Scholar 

  24. Shi Y, Eberhart R. A modified particle swarm optimizer. In: Proceedings of the International Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 1998 May 4–9, Anchorage. Piscataway: IEEE, 1998. 69–73

    Google Scholar 

  25. Deng J, Liu Z. Calculation Method (in Chinese). 2nd ed. Xi’an: Xi’an Jiao Tong University Press, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jiang H M, Xie K, Wang Y F. Design of multi-pumped Raman fiber amplifier by particle swarm optimization (in Chinese). J Optoelectron Laser, 2004, 15: 1190–1193

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to HaiMing Jiang.

Additional information

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60607005, 60877033, 60588502), the Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2006z02-010-3) and the Youth Science and Technology Foundation of UESTC (Grant No. JX0628).

About this article

Cite this article

Jiang, H., Xie, K. & Wang, Y. C band single pump photonic crystal fiber Raman amplifier. Chin. Sci. Bull. 55, 555–559 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-009-0296-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-009-0296-y

Keywords

Navigation