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Evapotranspiration estimation considering anthropogenic heat based on remote sensing in urban area

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Abstract

Urbanization influences hydrologic cycle significantly on local, regional even global scale. With urbanization the water resources demand for dense population sharpened, thus it is a great challenge to ensure water supply for some metropolises such as Beijing. Urban area is traditionally considered as the area with lower evapotranspiration (ET) on account of the impervious surface and the lower wind speed. For most remote sensing models, the ET, defined as latent heat in energy budget, is estimated as the difference between net radiation and sensible heat. The sensible heat is generally higher in urban area due to the high surface temperature caused by heat island, therefore the latent heat (i.e. the ET) in urban area is lower than that in other region. We estimated water consumption from 2003 to 2012 in Beijing based on water balance method and found that the annual mean ET in urban area was about 654 mm. However, using Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model, the annual mean ET in urban area was only 348 mm. We attributed this inconsistence to the impact of anthropogenic heat and quantified this impact on the basis of the night-light maps. Therefore, a new model SEBS-Urban, coupling SEBS model and anthropogenic heat was developed to estimate the ET in urban area. The ET in urban area of Beijing estimated by SEBS-Urban showed a good agreement with the ET from water balance method. The findings from this study highlighted that anthropogenic heat should be included in the surface energy budget for a highly urbanized area.

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Acknowledgements

The forcing dataset used in this study was developed by Data Assimilation and Modeling Center for Tibetan Multi-spheres, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We would like to thank Beijing Water Authority, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, NASA and NOAA for providing data freely. Also we are grateful to Prof. Zongbo Su for the assistance in SEBS programming. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51479088, 41630856 & 51279208).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    ZhenTao Cong, QiNing Shen, Lin Zhou & Ting Sun

  2. Sanjiangyuan Collaborative Innovation Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    ZhenTao Cong

  3. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China

    JiaHong Liu

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  1. ZhenTao Cong
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Cong, Z., Shen, Q., Zhou, L. et al. Evapotranspiration estimation considering anthropogenic heat based on remote sensing in urban area. Sci. China Earth Sci. 60, 659–671 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-0216-3

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