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Weakly-solvating electrolytes enable ultralow-temperature (−80 °C) and high-power CFx/Li primary batteries

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Abstract

Fluorinated carbons (CFx)/Li primary batteries with high theoretical energy density have been applied as indispensable energy storage devices with no need for rechargeability, yet plagued by poor rate capability and narrow temperature adaptability in actual scenarios. Herein, benefiting from precise solvation engineering for synergistic coordination of anions and low-affinity solvents, the optimized cyclic ether-based electrolyte is elaborated to significantly facilitate overall reaction dynamics closely correlated to lower desolvation barrier. As a result, the excellent rate (15 C, 650 mAh g−1) at room-temperature and ultra-low-temperature performance dropping to −80 °C (495 mAh g−1 at average output voltage of 2.11 V) is delivered by the end of 1.5 V cut-off voltage, far superior to other organic liquid electrolytes. Furthermore, the CFx/Li cell employing the high-loading electrode (18–22 mg cm−2) still yields 1,683 and 1,395 Wh kg−1 in the case of −40 °C and −60 °C, respectively. In short, the novel design strategy for cyclic ethers as basic solvents is proposed to enable the CFx/Li battery with superb subzero performances, which shows great potential in practical application for extreme environments.

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Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported from the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20220508141RC).

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  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China

    Hao-Jie Liang, Zhen-Yi Gu, Jia-Lin Yang & Xing-Long Wu

  2. Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China

    Meng-Yuan Su, Xin-Xin Zhao & Jing-Ping Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Gan Zhou, 341000, China

    Wei Guo

  4. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 260061, China

    Zhi-Ming Liu

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  1. Hao-Jie Liang
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Correspondence to Xing-Long Wu.

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The supporting information is available online at https://chem.scichina.com and https://link.springer.com/journal/11426. The supporting materials are published as submitted, without typesetting or editing. The responsibility for scientific accuracy and content remains entirely with the authors.

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Liang, HJ., Su, MY., Zhao, XX. et al. Weakly-solvating electrolytes enable ultralow-temperature (−80 °C) and high-power CFx/Li primary batteries. Sci. China Chem. 66, 1982–1988 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-023-1638-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-023-1638-0

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