Abstract
Polyelectrolyte PTPEPyH, containing tetraphenylethene (TPE) and pyridinium, was synthesized. Its optical properties were investigated with spectroscopies and the results showed that there were two emission-enhanced stages in the interaction between positive-charged PTPEPyH and negative-charged biomacromolecule heparin. The mechanism was very different due to the reduced non-radiative energy loss and the change of surroundings. The polyelectrolyte PTPEPyH, compared with ChS and HA, also showed high selectivity for heparin in the buffer solution and could be used as a potential bio-probe for heparin quantification in the clinical full range.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cox MM, Nelson DL. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 4st edition, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2005, 254
Whitelock JM, Iozzo RV. Heparan sulfate: A complex polymer charged with biological activity. Chem Rev, 2005, 105:2745–2764
Zhan RY, Fang Z, Liu B. Naked-eye detection and quantification of heparin in serum with a cationic polythiophene. Anal Chem, 2010, 82:1326–1333
Wallis DE, Lewis BE, Messmore H, Wehrmacher WH. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome. Clin Appl Thromb-Hem, 1998, 4:160–163
Dai Q, Liu WM, Zhuang XQ, Wu JS, Zhang HY, Wang PF. Ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on a pyrene derivative and quantification detection of heparin in aqueous solution and serum. Anal Chem, 2011, 83:6559–6564
Levine MN, Hirsh J, Gent M, Turpie AG, Cruickshank M, Weitz J, Anderson D, Johnson M. A randomized trial comparing activated thromboplastin time with heparin assay in patients with acute venous thromboembolism requiring large daily doses of heparin. Arch Intern Med, 1994, 154:49–56
Pu KY, Zhan RY, Liang J, Liu B. Conjugated polyelectrolytes for label-free visual detection of heparin. Sci China Chem, 2011, 54:567–574
Hong YN, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission. Chem Soc Rev, 2011, 40:5361–5388
Luo JD, Xie ZL, Lam JWY, Cheng L, Chen HY, Qiu CF, Kwok HS, Zhan XW, Liu YQ, Zhu DB, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole. Chem Commun, 2001, (18):1740–1741
Zhang XQ, Zhang XY, Wang SQ, Liu MY, Tao L, Wei Y. Surfactant modification of aggregation-induced emission material as biocompatible nanoparticles: Facile preparation and cell imaging. Nanoscale, 2013, 5:147–150
Leung CWT, Hong YN, Chen SJ, Zhao EG, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. A photostable AIE luminogen for specific mitochondrial imaging and tracking. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135:62–65
Ding D, Li K, Qin W, Zhan RY, Hu Y, Liu JZ, Tang BZ, Liu B. Conjugated polymer amplified far-red/near-infrared fluorescence from nanoparticles with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for targeted in vivo imaging. Adv Healthcare Mater, 2013, 2:500–507
Gu XG, Zhang GX, Wang Z, Liu WW, Xiao L, Zhang DQ. A new fluorometric turn-on assay for alkaline phosphatase and inhibitor screening based on aggregation and deaggregation of tetraphenylethylene molecules. Analyst, 2013, 138:2427–2431
Yu Y, Qin A, Feng C, Lu P, Ng KM, Luo KQ, Tang BZ. An amine-reactive tetraphenylethylene derivative for protein detection in SDS-PAGE. Analyst, 2012, 137:5592–5596
Xu BW, Wu XF, Li HB, Tong H, Wang LX. Fluorescent detection of heparin by a cationic conjugated polyfluorene probe containing aggregation-induced emission units. Polymer, 2012, 53:490–494
Tong H, Hong YN, Dong YQ, Haeussler M, Li Z, Lam JWY, Dong YP, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Tang BZ. Protein detection and quantitation by tetraphenylethene-based fluorescent probes with aggregation-induced emission characteristics. J Phys Chem B, 2007, 111:11817–11823
Hong YN, Feng C, Yu Y, Liu JZ, Lam JWY, Luo KQ, Tang BZ. Quantitation, visualization, and monitoring of conformational transitions of human serum albumin by a tetraphenylethene derivative with aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Anal Chem, 2010, 82:7035–7043
Hong YN, Haussler M, Lam JWY, Li Z, Sin KK, Dong YQ, Tong H, Liu JZ, Qin AJ, Renneberg R, Tang BZ. Label-free fluorescent probing of G-quadruplex formation and real-time monitoring of DNA folding by a quaternized tetraphenylethene salt with aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Chem Eur J, 2008, 14:6428–6437
Zhao MC, Wang M, Liu H, Liu DS, Zhang GX, Zhang DQ, Zhu DB. Continuous on-site label-free ATP fluorometric assay based on aggregation-induced emission of silole. Langmuir, 2009, 25:676–678
Shi XY, Wang H, Han TY, Feng X, Tong B, Shi JB, Zhi JG, Dong YP. A highly sensitive, single selective, real-time and “turn-on”’ fluorescent sensor for Al3+ detection in aqueous media. J Mater Chem, 2012, 22:19296–19302
Han TY, Dong YF, Li ZY, Tong B, Shi JB, Zhi JG, Dong YP. “Turn-on” fluorescent detection of 2,5-di(4′-carboxylphenyl)-1-phenylpyrrole to amines. Acta Chim Sinica, 2012, 70:1187–1192
Wu YM, Shi JB, Tong B, Zhi JG, Dong YP. Synthesis and properties of a water-soluble aggregation-induced emission enhancement conjugated polymer. Acta Polym Sin, 2012, (4):453–461
Han FL, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Sun JF, Zeng XS, Li CX. Homogeneous and sensitive DNA detection based on polyelectrolyte complexes of cationic conjugated poly(pyridinium salt)s and DNA. J Mater Chem, 2012, 22:4106–4112
Ghosh K, Sarkar AR, Samadder A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Pyridinium-based fluororeceptors as practical chemosensors for hydrogen pyrophosphate (HP2O 73− ) in semiaqueous and aqueous environments. Org Lett, 2012, 14:4314–4317
Zhou CM, Gao Y, Chen DY. Investigation of pyridine/propargyl bromide reaction and strong fluorescence enhancements of the resultant poly(propargyl pyridinium bromide). J Phys Chem B, 2012, 116:11552–11559
Hong YN, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission: phenomenon, mechanism and applications. Chem Commun, 2009, (29):4332–4353
Luo XL, Zhao WJ, Shi JQ, Li CH, Liu ZP, Bo ZS, Dong YQ, Tang BZ. Reversible switching emissions of tetraphenylethene derivatives among multiple colors with solvent vapor, mechanical, and thermal stimuli. J Phys Chem C, 2012, 116:21967–21972
Zhou J, Chang ZF, Jiang YB, He BR, Du M, Lu P, Hong YN, Kwok HS, Qin AJ, Qiu HY, Zhao ZJ, Tang BZ. From tetraphenylethene to tetranaphthylethene: structural evolution in AIE luminogen continues. Chem Commun, 2013, 49:2491–2493
Qin AJ, Zhang Y, Han N, Mei J, Sun JZ, Fan WM, Tang BZ. Preparation and self-assembly of amphiphilic polymer with aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Sci China Chem, 2012, 55:772–778
Wu YM, Shi JB, Tong B, Zhi JG, Dong YP. A water-soluble dual-channel fluorescence-enhanced biosensor for heparin based on a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte containing tetraphenylethene and 2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole. Acta Polym Sin, 2012, (12):1482–1490
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, D., Shi, J., Wu, Y. et al. An AIEE polyelectrolyte as a light-up fluorescent probe for heparin sensing in full detection range. Sci. China Chem. 56, 1239–1246 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-013-4915-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-013-4915-8