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Learning experience design of an mHealth self-management intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong and chronic condition that can cause severely compromised health. The T1D treatment regimen is complex, and is a particular challenge for adolescents, who frequently experience a number of treatment adherence barriers (e.g., forgetfulness, planning and organizational challenges, stress). Diabetes Journey is a gamified mHealth program designed to improve T1D self-management through a specific focus on decreasing adherence barriers and improving executive functioning skills for adolescents. Grounded in situativity theory and guided by a sociotechnical-pedagogical usability framework, Diabetes Journey was designed, developed, and evaluated using a learning experience design approach. This approach applied design thinking methods within a Successive Approximation Model design process. Iterative design and formative evaluation were conducted across three design phases, and improvements were implemented following each phase. Findings from the user testing phase indicate Diabetes Journey is a user-friendly mHealth program with high usability that holds promise for enhancing adolescents' T1D self-management. Implications for future designers and researchers are discussed regarding the social dimension of the sociotechnical-pedagogical usability framework. An extension to the framework is proposed to extend the social dimension to include socio-cultural and contextual considerations when designing mHealth applications. Consideration of the pedagogical and sociocultural dimensions of learning is imperative when developing psychoeducational interventions.

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Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01DK121295. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Education, University of Florida, 2423 Norman Hall, PO BOX 117048, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Matthew Schmidt, Jie Lu, Wenjing Luo, Minyoung Lee & Rui Huang

  2. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, USA

    Li Cheng

  3. College of Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

    Yueqi Weng

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada

    Jessica C. Kichler

  5. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA

    Sarah D. Corathers, Laura Smith, Leah Heckaman & Avani Modi

  6. University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, USA

    Laura M. Jacobsen & Kimberly A. Driscoll

  7. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

    Anastasia Albanese-O′Neill

  8. Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

    Sarah Westen, Sara E. Wetter & Kimberly A. Driscoll

  9. Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA

    Ana M. Gutierrez-Colina

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Correspondence to Matthew Schmidt.

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Schmidt, M., Lu, J., Luo, W. et al. Learning experience design of an mHealth self-management intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Education Tech Research Dev 70, 2171–2209 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-022-10160-6

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