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Previous exposure advances the degradation of an anthropogenic s-triazine regardless of soil origin

  • SOILS, SEC 3 • REMEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED OR DEGRADED LANDS • RESEARCH ARTICLE
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Abstract

Purpose

Previous investigations—field samplings and laboratory experiments—support the hypothesis that the degradation of s-triazines is enhanced in previously exposed as compared to pristine soils in terrestrial environments. Despite this, bottlenecks of soil sampling and various soil modification practices in microcosm studies have made it difficult to guarantee that previous contamination history enhances contaminant degradation regardless of soil origin in terrestrial ecosystems. We test the hypothesis that the degradation of simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) is enhanced in previously exposed soils as compared to pristine soils in 10 l buckets at the mesocosm scale.

Materials and methods

We collected soil at three separate sites consisting of a previously exposed and a pristine field. At every field, soil was collected at three separate plots and simazine degradation (days 0 and 65) and the response to atzB degrader gene primers (days 0 and 110) were followed. We analyzed the results using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Previous exposure and field site were assessed as fixed factors and initial simazine concentration and abiotic soil conditions as covariates.

Results and discussion

After the 65-day exposure, remaining simazine concentrations depended on previous exposure but not on collection site. The response to atzB gene primers was positive in all mesocosms where simazine degradation had been rapid. Soil moisture, pH, and organic matter content were insignificant. If soil moisture was not included in the ANCOVA model, previous exposure did not appear as a significant factor.

Conclusions

The results support the hypothesis that simazine is degraded more rapidly in previously exposed soils as compared to pristine environments, provided that degradation genes are available. Previously exposed soil might be used to enhance the degradation of simazine in recently contaminated terrestrial soils, supposing that the central requirements for microbial growth are adequate.

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Acknowledgments

Two anonymous reviewers gave constructive comments. Jorma Hellstén, Hannu Neuvonen, and Markku Saari assisted in soil selection and history. Academy of Finland (decision no. 139847, AS), Suomen Luonnonvarain tutkimussäätiö (AS), Marjatta and Eino Kolli Foundation (SK, TP), Elite project funded by ERDF (MR), and the Regional Council of Päijät-Häme (MR) funded the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Section of Environmental Ecology, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland

    Aki Sinkkonen, Sari Kauppi, Veera Pukkila, Hui Nan, Tomasz Płociniczak, Merja Kontro, Rauni Strömmer & Martin Romantschuk

  2. Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland

    Tomasz Płociniczak

Authors
  1. Aki Sinkkonen
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  2. Sari Kauppi
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  3. Veera Pukkila
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  4. Hui Nan
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  5. Tomasz Płociniczak
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  7. Rauni Strömmer
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  8. Martin Romantschuk
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Correspondence to Aki Sinkkonen.

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Responsible editor: Jean-Paul Schwitzguébel

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Sinkkonen, A., Kauppi, S., Pukkila, V. et al. Previous exposure advances the degradation of an anthropogenic s-triazine regardless of soil origin. J Soils Sediments 13, 1430–1438 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0742-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0742-y

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