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Human health risks assessment of the fluctuations in mercury levels in seafood from different key regions of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Abstract

Mercury (Hg) contamination on the Brazilian southeast coast has been highlighted, especially in relation to species of commercial importance. This study aimed to quantify the Hg concentration in species of mussels, fish, and crabs obtained from fishing colonies on the beaches of the west and south of the city of Rio de Janeiro, investigate the possible effect of seasonality, sex, and location sampling, and finally, the risk to consumer health in four different age groups. The difference between cooked and raw commercially available mussel samples was also verified. The main results highlight that the fish presented higher levels of Hg and that the mussel samples sold cooked presented lower levels of Hg when compared to the raw ones. For Micropogonias furnieri, Sardinella brasiliensis, and Callinectes spp., the season variable influenced Hg concentrations, while only for Merluccius merluccius was a difference between the sexes identified, with males having the highest values. Although Hg concentrations in animals were below the permitted limit, consumption of all species exceeded the monthly intake limit for this metal. For the hazard quotient (HQ) calculation, most species presented HQ > 1, especially when ingested by the child population. These results are fundamental for designing consumption strategies for these animals, in order to prioritize the acquisition of some species over others, depending on the location and/or season, for each age group, with the aim of maintaining seafood consumption with minimal risk to the population’s health.

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Funding

The authors are thankful for the financial support provided by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Brazil — grant numbers [E-26/200.891/2021 (C.A.C.J.); E-26/200.077/2022 (P.A.R.); E-26/202.806/2023 (A.M.R.F.)], the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) — grant numbers [313119/2020–1 (C.A.C.J.); 166533/2022–0 (G.L.N.)], and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Brazil — Finance Code 001 and for granted scholarship to J.V. de P.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Julia Vianna de Pinho & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  2. Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil

    Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira, Alexandre Mendes Ramos-Filho, Julia Vianna de Pinho, Gustavo Lata Neves & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  3. Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Julia Vianna de Pinho & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  4. Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Manaus Centro Campus (CMC), Manaus, AM, 69020-120, Brazil

    Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira

  5. Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil

    Julia Vianna de Pinho & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  6. Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24220-000, Brazil

    Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  7. Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  8. Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941 909, Brazil

    Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  9. Graduate Program in Biochemistry (PPGBq), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941 909, Brazil

    Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

Authors
  1. Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
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  2. Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira
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  3. Alexandre Mendes Ramos-Filho
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  4. Julia Vianna de Pinho
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  5. Gustavo Lata Neves
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  6. Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
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Contributions

Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues: investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing—original draft and editing. Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira: formal analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing. Júlia Vianna de Pinho: formal analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing. Alexandre Mendes Ramos-Filho: formal analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing. Gustavo Lata Neves: formal analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing. Carlos Adam Conte-Junior: supervision, conceptualization, resources, data curation, writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

All animals used in the study were purchased at open-air markets in fishing colonies. Therefore, no live animals were used in the study, only in the form of food, as it is sold to consumers.

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Not applicable.

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Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Rodrigues, P.d., de Oliveira, A.T., Ramos-Filho, A.M. et al. Human health risks assessment of the fluctuations in mercury levels in seafood from different key regions of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33267-0

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