Abstract
The current article focuses on the preparation and characterization of garbage enzyme (GE) and explores its applications in treating leachate. GE is prepared from fruit and vegetable wastes and characterized via analysis of metabolites, carbohydrates, proteins, antioxidants, and enzymatic activities. This study extends our understanding of GE by reporting the presence of various metabolites. Moreover, a metagenomic analysis of GE is presented, shedding light on the microbial diversity. Firmicutes emerged as the dominant phylum, surpassing other phyla, including Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. When exploring the potential for leachate treatment, the results indicate that vegetable GE shows 68% reduction in COD (chemical oxygen demand) and 39% reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen. Similarly, non-citrus GE also showed 64% reduction in COD and a 37% reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen, followed by citrus GE with a 33% reduction in COD and a 34% reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen compared to the control.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
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Funding
This work is supported by Research Program supported by the Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission for the Grant (no. GSBTM L1Y5SU), India, and Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, grant no. DST/TMD (EWO) OWUIS-2018/RS-20(G).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by DP, SV, RA, and GSV. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dr. GSV. Leachate sample collection and characterization, GE characterization, and the treatment of leachate by GE were performed by DP, SV, and RA. The metagenomic and phylogenetic tree analysis was performed by Dr. SB and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Parekh, D., Vaidh, S., Ailani, R. et al. Investigation of biochemical, enzymatic, and metagenomic profiles of garbage enzymes and its application in dumping site leachate treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 8974–8984 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31850-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31850-z