Abstract
Plastic waste is a rich source of hydrocarbons that can be converted into bio-oil through pyrolysis. In this study, bio-oil was produced by pyrolysis of waste-polypropylene using spent FCC catalyst. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that catalytically produced oil has the majority of compounds in the hydrocarbon range of C6–C18. The catalytic pyrolysis oil was blended with conventional fuel (diesel) to extensively investigate its suitability as a fuel substitute in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, 3.5 kW, diesel internal combustion (IC) engine. Furthermore, four fuels, i.e., CF100PO00 (pure diesel), CF90PO10 (10% v/v pyrolysis oil blended with diesel), CF85PO15 (15% v/v pyrolysis oil blended with diesel), and CF80PO20 (20% v/v pyrolysis oil blended with diesel), were tested in IC diesel engine for performance, combustion, and exhaust emission analysis at 1500 rpm. The tests were carried out at five loads, i.e., 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Nm. It was found that CF90PO10 produced 6.61% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE), whereas CO2 exhaust emission decreased by 20% for CF80PO20 with respect to the pure diesel. Diesel blends with plastic pyrolysis oil can be a promising biofuel to improve engine performance and combustion characteristics without any significant engine modification.
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Abbreviations
- API :
-
American Petroleum Institute
- ASTM :
-
American Society for Testing and Materials
- ATR :
-
Attenuated total reflectance
- BET :
-
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
- BO :
-
Bio-oil
- BSEC :
-
Brake-specific energy consumption
- BSFC :
-
Brake-specific fuel consumption
- BTE :
-
Break thermal efficiency
- CAD :
-
Crank angle degree
- cc :
-
Cubic centimeters
- CF100PO00 :
-
Pure diesel
- CF85PO15 :
-
85 V/v% diesel and 15 v/v% pyrolysis oil
- CF90PO10 :
-
90 V/v% diesel and 10 v/v% pyrolysis oil
- CF80PO20 :
-
85 V/v% diesel and 20 v/v% pyrolysis oil
- CN :
-
Cetane number
- EGT :
-
Exhaust gas temperature
- EMV :
-
Electron multiplier voltage
- FCC :
-
Fluid catalytic cracking
- FTIR :
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- FWMH :
-
Full width at half maximum
- GC-MS :
-
Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy
- IC :
-
Internal combustion
- kW :
-
Kilowatts
- LDPE :
-
Low-density polyethylene
- MPWPO :
-
Municipal plastic waste pyrolysis oil
- NH 3 -TPD :
-
Temperature programmed desorption of ammonia
- NIST :
-
National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Nm :
-
Newton-meter
- OEM :
-
Original equipment manufacture
- PET :
-
Polyethylene terephthalate
- PLA :
-
Polylactide
- PO :
-
Pyrolysis oil
- PP :
-
Polypropylene
- PPM :
-
Parts per million
- PPO :
-
Plastic pyrolysis oil
- PVC :
-
Polyvinyl chloride
- PSW :
-
Plastic solid waste
- rpm :
-
Revolutions per minute
- TCD :
-
Thermal conductivity detector
- w.r.t.:
-
With respect to
- XPS :
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- ZSM :
-
Zeolite Socony Mobil
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Material Research Centre (MRC), Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur and Central Analytical Facility, Manipal University, Jaipur, India, for extending the facility for research. Efforts made by Mr. Mahaveer, Mr. Ramesh Chand Meena, and other research staff during the experiments at IC Engine laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering at Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, India, are highly acknowledged.
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Prathwiraj Meena: performing experiments, data analysis and interpretation, writing original draft. Surabhi Singh: experimental work, sample preparation, sample analysis, writing. Nikhil Sharma: conceptualization, data curation, analysis and interpretation of engine data. Virendra Kumar Saharan: data analysis and interpretation, review and editing. Suja George: data analysis and interpretation, proofreading. Rohidas Bhoi: conceptualization, data curation, analysis and investigation, supervision, review and editing.
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Meena, P., Singh, S., Sharma, N. et al. Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of bio-oil produced by in situ catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene using spent FCC. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30786-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30786-0