Abstract
Some heavy metals are associated with periodontitis; whereas most of these associations have focused on individual metal, there are no specific studies on the effects of combined heavy metal exposure on periodontitis. We conducted an analysis on the association between urinary heavy metal exposure and periodontitis in participants aged 30 years and older using multiple logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). This analysis was performed on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2014. The study found that using logistic regression, the 4th quartile of urinary lead and molybdenum and the 3rd quartile of urinary strontium were positively associated with periodontitis compared to the reference quartile after adjusting for covariates. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.738 (1.069–2.826), 1.515 (1.025–2.239), and 1.498 (1.010–2.222), respectively. The 3rd and 4th quartiles of urinary cobalt were negatively associated with periodontitis, and their ORs and 95% CIs were 0.639 (0.438–0.934) and 0.571 (0.377–0.964), respectively. The BKMR model showed that urinary barium, lead, and molybdenum were positively associated with periodontitis in a range of concentrations and urinary cobalt, manganese, tin, and strontium were negatively correlated with periodontitis. Furthermore, the overall association between urinary heavy metals and periodontitis was positive. Our study provides evidence for an association between exposure to multiple urinary heavy metals and periodontitis. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms involved.
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The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This manuscript was supported by the Scientific Research Promotion Plan of Anhui Medical University (2021xkjT013), the Projects of Natural Science Research of Anhui Provincial Department of Education (KJ2020A0163), and the Key Project of Nature Science Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education (2022AH050686).
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Zhen-Hua Li and Jiong Li conducted a literature review as well as writing and revising the article. Yi-Cheng Mao helped with data collection and analysis, as well as paper review. Jia-Wen Zhao contributed to the study design and quality assessment. Hui-Yu Hu assisted with the manuscript’s assessment and revision. Sun Zhang and Zhe-Ye Liu assisted in data collection and interpretation. Xue-Jie Liu and Kai Huang assisted with the manuscript revision and gave valuable input.
Xiu-Jun Zhang and Cheng-Yang Hu were in charge of the study’s idea and design, and they also helped to revise the article.
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Li, H., Li, J., Mao, YC. et al. Association of urinary heavy metal combined exposure with periodontitis among US adults from NHANES 2011–2014. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 107887–107898 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29888-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29888-6