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Olive mill wastewater treatment using natural adsorbents: phytotoxicity on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination

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Abstract

This research was undertaken to optimize the phenolic compound removal from Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) by sawdust and red clay as natural adsorbents. Fractional factorial experimental design at 25−1 was used in order to optimize the experimental conditions for high removal efficiency. Statistics ANOVA analysis, Fisher’s test, and Student’s test suggested that the adsorbent dose has the most significant influence on polyphenol removal for both adsorbents. The maximum removal of polyphenols by sawdust reached 49.6% at 60 °C by using 60 g/L of adsorbent dose, pH 2, reaction time of 24 h, and agitation speed of 80 rpm. Whereas, for red clay, 48.08% of polyphenols removal was observed under the same conditions for sawdust except the temperature of 25 °C instead of 60 °C. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters suggested spontaneous process for both adsorbents, endothermic for the sawdust and exothermic for red clay. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity effect of OMW on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination was investigated. The obtained results showed that the untreated OMW inhibited the seed germination of T. turgidum and P. vulgaris seeds. OMW treatment with red clay followed by dilution (95% water) resulted in 87 and 30% germination of P. vulgaris and T. turgidum, respectively. While, the treatment of OMW with sawdust and dilution at 95% resulted in 51 and 26% germination of P. vulgaris and T. turgidum, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Biotechnologies and Environment, Laboratory Sciences Faculty, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco

    Fatima Elayadi & Chakib El Adlouni

  2. Science Engineer Laboratory for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco

    Fatima Elayadi & Mounia Achak

  3. Chemical & Biochemical Sciences. Green Process Engineering, CBS, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco

    Mounia Achak

  4. Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, Morocco

    Wafaa Boumya & Noureddine Barka

  5. Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter (TIMR), Sorbonne University, University of Technology of Compiegne, UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Compiegne, France

    Edvina Lamy

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  1. Fatima Elayadi
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  2. Mounia Achak
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All authors participated to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Fatima Elayadi and Mounia Achak. Formal analysis and investigation: Fatima Elayadi, Mounia Achak, Wafaa Boumya, Chakib El Adlouni, Nourredine Barka, and Edvina Lamy. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Fatima Elayadi, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Elayadi, F., Achak, M., Boumya, W. et al. Olive mill wastewater treatment using natural adsorbents: phytotoxicity on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 109481–109499 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29741-w

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