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A geospatial approach for assessing urban flood risk zones in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

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Abstract

Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu in India, has experienced several instances of severe flooding over the past two decades, primarily attributed to persistent heavy rainfall. Accurate mapping of flood-prone regions in the basin is crucial for the comprehensive flood risk management. This study used the GIS-MCDA model, a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model that incorporated geographic information system (GIS) technology to support decision making processes. Remote sensing, GIS, and analytical hierarchy technique (AHP) were used to identify flood-prone zones and to determine the weights of various factors affecting flood risk, such as rainfall, distance to river, elevation, slope, land use/land cover, drainage density, soil type, and lithology. Four groups (zones) were identified by the flood susceptibility map including high, medium, low, and very low. These zones occupied 16.41%, 67.33%, 16.18%, and 0.08% of the area, respectively. Historical flood events in the study area coincided with the flood risk classification and flood vulnerability map. Regions situated close to rivers, characterized by low elevation, slope, and high runoff density were found to be more susceptible to flooding. The flood susceptibility map generated by the GIS-MCDA accurately described the flood-prone regions in the study area.

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Data availability

The authors are grateful to the Department of Environment’s Laboratory (Chittagong Office) for providing all necessary support during lab activities. Data are available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of National Research Foundation, Korea 451 (KNRF).

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2019R1D1A3A03103683).

Funding

The authors are grateful to the Department of Environment's Laboratory (Chittagong Office) for providing all necessary support during lab activities. This research received the full funding from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

    Murugesan Bagyaraj

  2. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India

    Venkatramanan Senapathi

  3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea

    Sang Yong Chung

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physical, Chemical, and Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnan

  5. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, SWJTU Xipu Campus, Chengdu, 611756, China

    Yong Xiao

  6. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sivakumar Karthikeyan

  7. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Ata Allah Nadiri

  8. Institute of Environment, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Ata Allah Nadiri

  9. Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

    Ata Allah Nadiri

  10. Groundwater Research Group (GRES), Research Institute on Mines and Environment (RIME), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Amos, Québec, Canada

    Rahim Barzegar

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  1. Murugesan Bagyaraj
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Contributions

Murugesan Bagyaraj: Original draft, data collection, formal analysis, writing.

Venkatramanan Senapthi: Original draft, data collection, formal analysis, writing, project administration.

Sang Yong Chung: Original draft, data collection, formal analysis, writing, project administration.

Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnan: Writing–review and editing, visualization.

Yong Xiao: Writing–review and editing, visualization, supervision.

Sivakumar Karthikeyan: Data collection, resources, software, writing–review and editing.

Ata Allah Nadiri: Writing–review and editing, data collection, resources, software, visualization.

Rahim Barzegar: Writing–review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sang Yong Chung.

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Bagyaraj, M., Senapathi, V., Chung, S.Y. et al. A geospatial approach for assessing urban flood risk zones in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 100562–100575 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29132-1

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