Abstract
Devising and consolidating cost-effective and greener technologies for sustainable energy production pertain to some of the most pressing needs of the present times. Bioconversion of abundantly available lignocellulosic materials into fermentable sugars to produce biofuels involves the cost-extensive requirement of hydrolytic enzymes called cellulases. Cellulases are highly selective and eco-friendly biocatalysts responsible for deconstruction of complex polysaccharides into simple sugars. Currently, immobilization of cellulases is being carried out on magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with suitable biopolymers such as chitosan. Chitosan, a biocompatible polymer, exhibits high surface area, chemical/thermal stability, functionality, and reusability. The chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites (Ch-MNCs) present a nanobiocatalytic system that enables easy retrieval, separation, and recycling of cellulases, thereby offering a cost-effective and sustainable approach for biomass hydrolysis. These functional nanostructures show enormous potential owing to certain physicochemical and structural features that have been discussed in a comprehensive manner in this review. It provides an insight into the synthesis, immobilization, and application of cellulase immobilized Ch-MNCs for biomass hydrolysis. This review aims to bridge the gap between sustainable utilization and economic viability of employing replenishable agro-residues for cellulosic ethanol production by incorporating the recently emerging nanocomposite immobilization approach.
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Abbreviations
- MNCs:
-
Magnetic nanocomposites
- Ch-MNCs:
-
Chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites
- MNPs:
-
Magnetic nanoparticles
- Ch-MNPs:
-
Chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
- EC:
-
Enzyme Commission number
- MCTS:
-
Magnetic chitosan microspheres
- GDA:
-
Glutaraldehyde
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The authors are grateful for the support received from DST-INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research, Department of Science and Technology), Government of India.
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Gurkanwal Kaur has written the original draft, prepared tables, and figures; Monica Sachdeva Taggar and Anu Kalia helped in reviewing and editing the manuscript.
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Kaur, G., Taggar, M.S. & Kalia, A. Cellulase-immobilized chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 111627–111647 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27919-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27919-w