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Binary toxicity of engineered silica nanoparticles (nSiO2) and arsenic (III) to zebrafish (Danio rerio): application of response surface methodology

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Abstract

Increasing production and use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) leads to their release into the aquatic environments where they can interact with other hazardous contaminants, such as heavy metals, and threaten aquatic organisms. This study considers the ecotoxicity of arsenic (III) and silica nanoparticles (nSiO2), individually and simultaneously, to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) using response surface methodology (RSM) under central composite design (CCD). The results revealed that in the treatments within the concentration range of 1 to 5 mg L−1 arsenic and 1–100 mg L−1 nSiO2, no mortality was observed after 96 h. The optimal conditions for achieving the lowest effect of simultaneous toxicity in the concentration range of nSiO2 and arsenic were 100 and 7 mg L−1, respectively. Accordingly, the desirable function of the predicted model was found to be 0.78. According to these results, arsenic is toxic for zebrafish. Importantly, exposure to nSiO2 alone did not cause acute toxicity in the studied species, while arsenic toxicity decreased by increasing the concentration of nSiO2.

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Funding

The authors thank the University of Kurdistan (UOK), which has financed the present research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Asoo Allahveisi, Ashkan Miri & Farshid Ghorbani

  2. Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Farshid Ghorbani & Seyed Ali Johari

  3. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Seyed Ali Johari

Authors
  1. Asoo Allahveisi
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  2. Ashkan Miri
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  3. Farshid Ghorbani
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  4. Seyed Ali Johari
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Asoo Allahveisi, Ashkan Miri, Farshid Ghorbani, and Seyed Ali Johari. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ashkan Miri and all authors commented on the new versions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Farshid Ghorbani.

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All fish were treated according to the European Union guidelines concerning protection and animal welfare (Directive 2010/63/EU).

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Allahveisi, A., Miri, A., Ghorbani, F. et al. Binary toxicity of engineered silica nanoparticles (nSiO2) and arsenic (III) to zebrafish (Danio rerio): application of response surface methodology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 68655–68666 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27066-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27066-2

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