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Quantitative assessment of sediment delivery and retention in four watersheds in the Godavari River Basin, India, using InVEST model — an aquatic ecosystem services perspective

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Abstract

Sediment export and retention are important ecosystem processes in any landscape causing soil erosion and sediment loading in waterways consequently affecting the health of aquatic habitats downstream. The present study quantifies sediment export and retention in four watersheds, viz., Hivra, Satrapur, Konta, and Jagdalpur in the Godavari River Basin, India, using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) ecosystem service modelling tool. The  results revealed that the sediment export yields ranged from 0.75 (Hivra) to 2.77 t/ha/year (Jagdalpur). The mean deviation between modelled values and observed sediment export yield was − 11.11%, which indicated good prediction by the model. The sediment retention ranged from 16.04 (Hivra) to 101.52 t/ha/year (Konta). Most sediment export and retention occurred on cropland or shrubland land use land cover types in all four watersheds. For decision making on soil conservation, soil loss tolerance limits have been established for these watersheds. For aquatic habitats, sediment concentration is considered more important than the total annual sediment export, since water turbidity is an important determinant of water quality, and the aquatic lives therein. Therefore, the temporal distribution of rainfall and corresponding sediment export becomes important, since these two factors determine the sediment concentration as well as turbidity in the waterbody. In current study, “Precipitation Concentration Index adjusted Sediment Export Yield Index” was developed to account for the effects of the temporal rainfall distribution and its impact on sediment export. The index for four watersheds was quantified (Hivra > Satrapur > Konta > Jagdalpur), which is concordant to the turbidity values reported by respective gauge stations. Thus, the proposed index can efficiently capture the impact of temporal rainfall distribution on sediment export, and consequently its effect on water turbidity. The study revealed the potential of InVEST model to quantify the sediment export and retention in the watersheds studied. Together with the proposed index, it would help the policy makers in making informed decisions for planning conservation strategies for aquatic biodiversity.

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Data availability

The datasets used for the study are available with the respective sources mentioned in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, and Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT for the support extended in the study. The financial support rendered under the ICAR-Bioversity International Annual Work Plan (Bioversity International Grant code: FISHNBFGRSOL201701400203) by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the ESA CCI Land Cover project for LULC dataset, United States Geological Survey (USGS) for the open-access satellite data, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC for Harmonized World Soil Database, Indian Meteorological Department for rainfall dataset, Central Water Commission for observed sediment and turbidity data, and The Indian Space Research Organization ISRO/NRSC — India WRIS, for river basin shapefile.

Funding

This study was funded under the ICAR-Bioversity International Annual Work Plan (Bioversity International Grant code: FISHNBFGRSOL201701400203) by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The views expressed in this document are of the authors and cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of the organizations mentioned.

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  1. ICAR — National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226 002, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ganesan Kantharajan, Rajeev K. Singh, Achal Singh, Vindhya Mohindra & Kuldeep K. Lal

  2. Alliance of Bioversity International and International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, New Delhi – 110 012, India

    Panamanna Mahadevan Govindakrishnan, Nallur Kothanda Raman Krishna Kumar & Jai C. Rana

  3. Alliance of Bioversity International and International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France

    Estrada Carmona Natalia & Sarah K. Jones

  4. Fisheries Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, KAB-II, New Delhi – 110 012, India

    Joy Krushna Jena

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Contributions

GK - methodology, investigation, formal analysis, visualization, and writing - original draft; PMG - methodology, investigation, validation, and writing — review and editing; RK -, supervision, resources, and project administration; ECN - data curation, and writing — review and editing; JSK - data curation, and writing — review and editing; AS - formal analysis; VM - resources and supervision; NKKK - supervision and project administration; JCR - resources, supervision, and project administration; JK -, project administration; and KKL - conceptualization and project administration.

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Kantharajan, G., Govindakrishnan, P.M., Singh, R.K. et al. Quantitative assessment of sediment delivery and retention in four watersheds in the Godavari River Basin, India, using InVEST model — an aquatic ecosystem services perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 30371–30384 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24013-5

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