Abstract
Pesticide residues are always an unsolved problem in the world despite all kinds of prevention measures. The present research work is based on a scientific hypothesis, i.e., “The removal of average pesticide residue is inversely proportional to the thickness of cuticle.” The effects of boron-containing products and plant-based surfactants were tested for the removal of five pesticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, metaflumizone, acetamiprid) on tomatoes and apples. Boron-containing products were able to remove the pesticide residues on average between 58.0 and 72.6% in tomatoes and 33.2–58.8% in an apple. While plant-based surfactants removed residues on average between 58.5 and 66.6% in tomatoes and 41.0–53.2% in an apple. The highest removal rate was 72% with etidot at 1%. The solution of 1% C8–C10 provided 66.6% average removal for tomatoes. Less removal was achieved in apples. For an apple, Log Kow and molecular mass (independent variables) were significant with p < 0.01, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was > 0.87. However, the multiple linear regression analysis for ground colemanite was significant with R2 of 0.96. In tomatoes, neither Log Kow nor molecular mass as significant. The correlation was found between the physical and chemical properties of pesticides, but it is estimated that the thickness of the cuticle is effective in removing pesticides.
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This project was supported by National Boron Research Institute (BORON), Turkey (Project no: 2012.Ç0331).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization: Nalan TURGUT, Cengiz GÖKBULUT; methodology: Melis YALÇIN, Cengiz GÖKBULUT, Cafer TURGUT; formal analysis and investigation: Melis YALÇIN, Nalan TURGUT, Serhan MERMER, Cafer TURGUT; writing—original draft preparation: Melis YALÇIN, Sait SOFUOĞLU, Cafer TURGUT; writing—review and editing: Sait SOFUOĞLU, Vinaya TARİ.
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Yalçın, M., Turgut, N., Gökbulut, C. et al. Removal of pesticide residues from apple and tomato cuticle. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 15821–15829 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23269-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23269-1