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Removal of Cr(VI) from water by in natura and magnetic nanomodified hydroponic lettuce roots

  • Effective Waste Management with Emphasis on Circular Economy
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Abstract

Biosorption is a viable and environmentally friendly process to remove pollutants and species of commercial interest. Biological materials are employed as adsorbents for the retention, removal, or recovery of potentially toxic metals from aqueous matrices. Hexavalent chromium is a potential contaminant commonly used in galvanoplasty and exhibits concerning effects on humans and the environment. The present work used in natura lettuce root (LR) and nanomodified lettuce root (LR-NP) for Cr(VI) adsorption from water medium. The nanomodification was performed by coprecipitation of magnetite nanoparticles on LR. All materials were morphologically and chemically characterized. The conditions used in removing Cr(VI) were determined by evaluating the pH at the point of zero charge (pHPZC = 5.96 and 6.50 for LR and LR-NP, respectively), pH, kinetics, and sorption capacity in batch procedures. The maximum sorption capacity of these materials was reached at pH 1.0 and 30 min of adsorbent-adsorbate contact time. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation provided the best adjustments with r2 0.9982 and 0.9812 for LR and LR-NP, respectively. Experimental sorption capacity (Qexp) results were 4.51 ± 0.04 mg/g, 2.48 ± 0.57 mg/g, and 3.84 ± 0.08 mg/g for LR, NP, and LR-NP, respectively, at a 10 g/L adsorbent dose. Six isothermal models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Temkin, DR, and Hill) fit the experimental data to describe the adsorption process. Freundlich best fit the experimental data suggesting physisorption. Despite showing slightly lower Qexp than LR, LR-NP provides a feasible manner to remove the Cr(VI)-containing biosorbent from the medium after sorption given its magnetic characteristic.

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Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. Extra Data are available from the authors (elma.carrilho@gmail.com) upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (2016/06271–4 and 2019/08335–8) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (163205/2019–1 and 166783/2019–6).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil

    Beatriz Caliman Soares, Thais Eduarda Abilio, Julia Cristina José & Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho

  2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil

    Geórgia Labuto

  3. Laboratory of Integrated Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil

    Geórgia Labuto

  4. Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Matemática e Educação, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil

    Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho

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  1. Beatriz Caliman Soares
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  2. Thais Eduarda Abilio
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  4. Geórgia Labuto
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  5. Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho
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Contributions

EC and GL postulated and supervised the study. BCS and EC planned the experiment. BCS and TEA obtained the data, and EC, GL, and JCJ carried out the data analysis and interpretation. GL performed the adjustment of all experimental data to the isothermal models applied. BCS, JCJ, and TEA prepared the first draft, and EC and GL thoroughly revised the manuscript. EC, GL, and BCS read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho.

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Communicated by Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr.

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Soares, B.C., Abilio, T.E., José, J.C. et al. Removal of Cr(VI) from water by in natura and magnetic nanomodified hydroponic lettuce roots. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 8822–8834 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21755-0

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