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Review of alternative ash aggregates in concrete-solution towards waste management and environmental protection

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Abstract

Owing to the depletion of natural resources, new alternative materials are emerging in construction industry. Especially, development of alternative binders and aggregates using industrial by-products paves way for the development of eco-friendly concrete. As aggregates occupy about 60–70% of the volume of concrete, new alternative materials developed as a substitute for aggregates are considered as need of the day for achieving sustainability in concrete industry. In the past few decades, many industrial by-products are researched as an alternative for natural aggregates. Ash being the largely produced by-products from different industries, it has huge potential in the development of artificial aggregates. Nevertheless, ashes produced from different sources such as coal, municipal solid waste and biomass have different characteristics and affect the properties of aggregates made out of them. The volume of research works reported on development of ash aggregates all over the globe shows that there is a faster growth rate in the development of alternative aggregates and its utilization in concrete. In this context, the current study aims to review the literature reported on mortar/concrete made of ash aggregates from various sources such as thermal power stations, biomass and municipal solid waste incinerator. The characteristics of different types of ash, development of aggregate and its properties in mortar/concrete are reviewed. Based on the review, future recommendations and directions are provided to utilize more of ash aggregates in the place of natural aggregates to prevent depletion of natural resources.

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Data Availability

All the data available regarding the study are presented in the article.

Abbreviations

BA:

biomass ash

BMBA:

biomass bottom ash

BMFA:

biomass fly ash

CA:

coal ash

CBA:

coal bottom ash

CFA:

coal fly ash

FA:

fly ash

ISW:

industrial solid waste

LWA:

lightweight aggregates

MSWA:

municipal solid waste incineration ash

MSWBA:

municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

MSWFA:

municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

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    1. CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Center, Chennai, 600113, Tamilnadu, India

      Hemalatha Thiyagarajan

    2. IISc, Bengaluru, 600080, Karnataka, India

      Ananth Ramaswamy

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    1. Hemalatha Thiyagarajan
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    Conceptualization: T. Hemalatha and Ananth Ramaswamy. Plotting: T. Hemalatha; Writing — original draft: T. Hemalatha. Review and editing: Ananth Ramaswamy.

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    Correspondence to Hemalatha Thiyagarajan.

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    Ananth Ramaswamy contributed equally to this work.

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    Thiyagarajan, H., Ramaswamy, A. Review of alternative ash aggregates in concrete-solution towards waste management and environmental protection. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 62870–62886 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21720-x

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