Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ecological security assessment and ecological pattern optimization for Lhasa city (Tibet) based on the minimum cumulative resistance model

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract 

The alpine regions of Tibet are biogeographically unique and highly biodiverse. As the political, economic, and cultural center of Tibet, the city of Lhasa’s population growth and economic development have further weakened the region’s already fragile ecological environment. Coordinating relationships between stable economic development, sustained population growth, rational resource use, and environmental protection has become an urgent issue. This paper establishes an ecological resistance surface based on the ecological resistance factor index to evaluate Lhasa’s ecological security level. The obtained results show that the city’s ecological security level is good, with high security level in the north, northwest, and northeast, and low-level in the south and the middle of city. High-level ecological security areas accounted for 34.5% of the city’s total area, and low-level areas accounted for 9.0%. The overall Moran’s I index of the city’s ecological security was 0.518. According to a LISA clustering chart, Lhasa’s ecological security grades are mainly high-high (HH) and low-low (LL). These two grades showed an apparent flaky spatial clustering in the city. We elected eight large-scale nature reserves in the city as ecological sources, constructed a resistance surface of the ecological accumulation of ecological sources, used the MCR (minimum cumulative resistance) model and gravity model to extract potential ecological corridors, and finally identified potentially important ecological corridors. A total of 51 ecological nodes and 80 potential ecological corridors were extracted, with a total length of about 3449.7 km. The length of the primary and secondary corridors accounted for 32.32% of the total length. Combining the development of Lhasa’s ecological economy with tourism and cultural industry planning, a layout of ecological network model with one ring and three belts is proposed. An ecological space development strategy of agglomeration within the ring and axial drive should be implemented. This study provides a decision-making reference for the spatial layout of the ecological industry in Lhasa.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

References 

  • Barnthouse LW (1992) The role of models in ecological risk assessment: a 1990’s perspective. Environ Toxicol Chem 11:1751–1760. https://doi.org/10.1002/ETC.5620111207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blaikie P (2008) Epilogue: towards a future for political ecology that works. Geoforum 39:765–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.07.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau Region Environmental Protection TA (2014) Investigation report of ecological environment situation in Tibet autonomous region. Tibet

  • Che X, Zhou C (2005) Ecological security: a review of research at home and abroad. Prog Geogr Sci 8–20

  • Chen X, Peng J, Liu YX et al (2017) Constructing ecological security patterns in Yunfu city based on the framework of importance-sensitivity-connectivity. Geogr Res 36:471–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen NL, Bartuska AM, Brown JH et al (1996) The report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the scientific basis for ecosystem management. Ecol Appl 6:665–691. https://doi.org/10.2307/2269460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costanza R, Norton BG, Haskell BD (1992) Ecosystem health: new goals for environmental management

  • Dabelko GD, Dabelko DD (1995) Environmental security: issues of conflict and redefinition. Environ Change Secur Proj Rep 1:3–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong S, Kassam KAS, Tourrand JF, Boone RB (2016) Building resilience of human-natural systems of pastoralism in the developing world: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Build Resil Human-Natural Syst Pastor Dev World Interdiscip Perspect 1–295https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30732-9

  • Eckersley R (2005) Ecological security dilemmas. Envıron Agendas II

  • Esbah H, Cook EA, Ewan J (2009) Effects of increasing urbanization on the ecological integrity of open space preserves. Environ Manage 43:846–862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9274-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang S, Xiao D, An S (2005) Regional ecosecurity pattern in urban area based on land use analysis: a case study in Lanzhou. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao= J Appl Ecol 16:2284–2290

  • Franklin JF (1993) Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystems, or landscapes? Ecol Appl 3:202–205. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geng W, Li W, Wei W (2007) Recognition on regional ecological security definition and assessment system. Acta Ecol Sin 27:1627–1637

    Google Scholar 

  • Han B, Liu H, Wang R (2015) Urban ecological security assessment for cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei metropolitan region based on fuzzy and entropy methods. Ecol Modell 318:217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLMODEL.2014.12.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao W, Li w, Wang Z, Ni M (2013) Health assessment of Lalu wetland ecosystem in Lhasa-river valley of Tibet [J]. J Arid L Resour Environ 5:

  • Hodson M, Marvin S (2009) ‘Urban ecological security’: a new urban paradigm? Int J Urban Reg Res 33:193–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-2427.2009.00832.X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hou P, Wang Q, Shen W, et al (2015) Research progress of integrated ecosystem assessment: connotation, framework and challenges. Geogr Res 34:1809–1823. https://doi.org/10.11821/DLYJ201510001

  • Hu X, Xu L, Zhang S (2013) Land use pattern of Dalian based on Ca Markov model and multi-objective optimization. J Appl Ecol 24:1652–1660

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang M, Y U E W, FANG B, FENG S (2019) Scale response characteristics and geographic exploration mechanism of spatial differentiation of ecosystem service values in Dabie Mountain area, central China from 1970 to 2015. Prog Chem 74:1904

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Y, Liu C, Zhou C, Chen MX (2015) Overview of theoretical research and practical considerations on eco-cities of China. Geogr Res 34:2222–2237

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin J (2002) Exploration of some frontier problems in the environmental field. Chinese J Nat 24:249–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Knaapen JP, Scheffer M, Harms B (1992) Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning. Landsc Urban Plan 23:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(92)90060-D

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (2002) Regional co-development and security: a comprehensive approach. Ocean Coast Manag 45:761–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00105-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Land and Resources Bureau L (1995) Lhasa topographic map

  • Land and Resources Bureau L (2015) change data of the second land use survey in Lhasa in 2015

  • Lhasa Government MP (2017) Overall urban planning of Lhasa

  • Li J, Meng J, Mao XY (2013) MCR based model for developing land use ecological security pattern in farming-pastoral zone: a case study of Jungar Banner, Ordos. Acta Sci Nat Univ Pekin 49:707–715

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z, XU L, (2010) Evaluation indicators for urban ecological security based on ecological network analysis. Procedia Environ Sci 2:1393–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li ZY, Yang GS, Dong YW (2007) Establishing the eco logical security pattern in rapidly developing regions: A case in the AYRAP. J Nat Resour 22:P106-113

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Mooney H, Hull V, et al (2015) Sustainability. Systems integration for global sustainability. Science 347. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1258832

  • Liu Yang, Meng JiJun, Zhu LiKai (2010) Progress in the research on regional ecological security pattern. Acta Ecol Sin 10. CNKI:SUN:STXB.0.2010–24–034

  • Meng J, Zhu L, Yang Q, Mao X (2012) Building ecological security pattern based on land use: a case study of Ordos, Northern China. Shengtai Xuebao/acta Ecol Sin 32:6755–6766

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng JJ, Zhou T, Liu Y (2011) Research on regional ecological risk assessment: a case study of Ordos in Inner Mongolia. Acta Sci Nat Univ Pekin 47:935–943

    Google Scholar 

  • Motesharrei S, Rivas J, Kalnay E et al (2016) Modeling sustainability: population, inequality, consumption, and bidirectional coupling of the Earth and Human Systems. Natl Sci Rev 3:470–494. https://doi.org/10.1093/NSR/NWW081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers N (1986) The environmental dimension to security issues. Environmentalist 6:251–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Z (1994) From biodiversity to ecodiversity: a landscape-ecology approach to conservation and restoration. Restor Ecol 2:180–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1994.tb00065.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien D, Manseau M, Fall A, Fortin MJ (2006) Testing the importance of spatial configuration of winter habitat for woodland caribou: an application of graph theory. Biol Conserv 130:70–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOCON.2005.12.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan J, Liu X (2015) Ecological security evaluation and pattern optimization of inland river landscape based on spatial principal component and minimum cumulative resistance model – a case study of Ganzhou District, Zhangye City. J Appl Ecol 26:3126–3136

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan J, Liu X (2016) Landscape ecological risk assessment and landscape security pattern optimization in Shule River Basin. Chin J Ecol 35:791–799

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng J, Pan Y, Liu Y et al (2018) Linking ecological degradation risk to identify ecological security patterns in a rapidly urbanizing landscape. Habitat Int 71:110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HABITATINT.2017.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng J, Zhao HJ, Liu YX, Wu JS (2017) Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction. Geogr Res 36:407–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickard BR, Daniel J, Mehaffey M et al (2015) EnviroAtlas: a new geospatial tool to foster ecosystem services science and resource management. Ecosyst Serv 14:45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOSER.2015.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen PE, Goulding KWT, Brown JR et al (1998) Long-term agroecosystem experiments: assessing agricultural sustainability and global change. Science 282:893–896. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.282.5390.893

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid W, Mooney H, Cropper A, et al (2005) Millennium ecosystem assessment. Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis

  • Saier MH, Trevors JT (2010) Global security in the 21st century. Water Air Soil Pollut 205:45–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9522-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreurs, Miranda A (1998) Ecological security in northeast Asia. Ecological security in Northeast Asia /

  • Shenghui C, Huasheng H, Yunfeng H, Xue X (2005) Progress in ecological security research. Acta Ecol Sin 25:8. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.04.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shihao H, Yanguo M, Chiyue Y, et al (2019) Construction of ecological security pattern in Yanping District of Nanping City, Fujian Province based on minimum cumulative resistance model. Bull Soil Water Conserv 39:192–198+205

  • Sliva L, Williams DD (2001) Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality. Water Res 35:3462–3472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00062-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solovjova NV (1999) Synthesis of ecosystemic and ecoscreening modelling in solving problems of ecological safety. Ecol Modell 124:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00122-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, et al (2015) Sustainability. Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 347:. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1259855

  • Su S, Xiao R, Jiang Z, Zhang Y (2012) Characterizing landscape pattern and ecosystem service value changes for urbanization impacts at an eco-regional scale. Appl Geogr 34:295–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APGEOG.2011.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su Y, Chen X, Liao J et al (2016) Modeling the optimal ecological security pattern for guiding the urban constructed land expansions. Urban for Urban Green 19:35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.06.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tallis H, Kareiva P, Marvier M, Chang A (2008) An ecosystem services framework to support both practical conservation and economic development. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:9457–9464. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.0705797105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tibet Statistics Bureau Region A (2015) ibet investigation team of the National Bureau of statistics. Statistical bulletin of national economic and social development of Tibet Autonomous Region in 2015. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/ndtjgb/dfndtjgb/t20160413_402399647.htm

  • Urban and Rural Planning Bureau L (2015) Lhasa urban master plan

  • Van Den Bergh JCJM, Verbruggen H (1999) Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the ‘ecological footprint.’ Ecol Econ 29:61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00032-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang RH, Li XY, Zhang SW et al (2014) Research for landscape ecological security pattern and early warning in farming-pastoral zone of Northeast China—a case study on Tongyu County in Jilin Province. Geogr Geo-Information Sci 30:111–115

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Xiang W-N, Zhao J (2014) Urban ecology in China: historical developments and future directions. Landsc Urban Plan 125:222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDURBPLAN.2014.02.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu JS, Zhang LQ, Peng J et al (2013) The integrated recognition of the source area of the urban ecological security pattern in Shenzhen. Acta Ecol Sin 33:4125–4133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Ji Q, Kong X (2003) The existing problems of safety evaluation about plant gene engineering. Ecol Sci 22:82–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao D, Chen W (2002) [On the basic concepts and contents of ecological security]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = J Appl Ecol 13:354–358

  • Xu Y, Fu B, Lv Y (2010) Study on landscape pattern and ecological process based on Model. J Ecol 212–220

  • Yan NL, Zhao XH, Yu XG (2006) Ecosystem delineation on priority ecosystem services and ecosystem management in the upper Yangtze river. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin 15:598–602

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu K (1999) Landscape ecological security patterns in biological conservation. Acta Ecol Sin 19:8–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu KJ, Wang SS, Li DH, Li CB (2009) The function of ecological security patterns as an urban growth framework in Beijing. Acta Ecol Sin 29:1189–1204

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Chen X, Zou X et al (2001) Problems and countermeasures of ecological environment in Tibet Autonomous Region. Mt J 19:81–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Zhang C, Zou X (2006) Ecological security assessment and eco-environment construction of Xigaze prefecture on Tibetan plateau. Sci Geogr Sin 26:33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhe C, Wen Q (2017) A review on Ecological Security. For Surv Plan 42:6

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Q, Yu K, Li D (2005) Ecological corridor width in landscape planning. Ecol Corridor Width Landsc Plan 25:2406–2412

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to EditSprings (https://www.editsprings.com/) for the expert linguistic services provided.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning College, Chengdu University of Technology, No. 239, Section 2, Chenghua Avenue, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Lei Huang, Dongrui Wang & Chunli He

  2. College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 First Ring Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610064, China

    Lei Huang

Authors
  1. Lei Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dongrui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chunli He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Huang L, Wang D R, and He C L. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Huang L and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lei Huang.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Communicated by Philippe Garrigues.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, L., Wang, D. & He, C. Ecological security assessment and ecological pattern optimization for Lhasa city (Tibet) based on the minimum cumulative resistance model. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 83437–83451 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21511-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21511-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation