Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Association between short-term exposure to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 and forced vital capacity in Chinese children and adolescents

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study aims to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient PM1, PM1-2.5, and PM2.5 and forced vital capacity (FVC). Population data were obtained from a school-based cross-sectional survey in Shandong in 2014. Distributed lag non-linear models were used to examine the association between exposure to PM1, PM1–2.5, and PM2.5 and FVC at the day of FVC measurement and the previous 6 days (lag 0 to 6 days). A total of 35,334 students aged 9 to 18 years were included in the study, and the mean exposure concentrations of ambient PM1, PM1–2.5, and PM2.5 for them were 47.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 21.3) μg/m3, 32.8 (SD = 32.2) μg/m3, and 80.1 (SD = 47.7) μg/m3, respectively. An inter-quartile range (IQR, 24 μg/m3) increment in exposure to PM1 was significantly associated with a lower FVC at lag 0 and lag 1 day (β =  − 80 mL, 95% CI =  − 119, − 42, and β =  − 37 mL, 95% CI =  − 59, − 16, respectively), and an IQR (54 μg/m3) increment in exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with a lower FVC at lag 0 and lag 1 day (β =  − 57 mL, 95% CI =  − 89, − 18, and β =  − 34 mL, 95% CI =  − 56, − 12, respectively) after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index category, residence, month of the survey, intake of eggs, intake of milk, physical activity, and screen time. No significant associations were observed for PM1–2.5. The inverse associations of PM1 and PM2.5 with FVC were larger in males, younger children, those overweight or obese, and those with insufficient physical activity levels. Short-term exposure to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 was associated with decreased FVC, and PM1 may be the primary fraction of PM2.5 causing the adverse pulmonary effects. Our findings emphasize the need to address ambient PM, especially PM1, pollution for affecting pulmonary health in children and adolescents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Ban J, Wang Q, Ma R, Zhang Y, Shi W, Zhang Y, Chen C, Sun Q, Wang Y, Guo X, Li T (2021) Associations between short-term exposure to PM(2.5) and stroke incidence and mortality in China: a case-crossover study and estimation of the burden. Environ Pollut 268:115743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bello GA, Arora M, Austin C, Horton MK, Wright RO, Gennings C (2017) Extending the Distributed Lag Model framework to handle chemical mixtures. Environ Res 156:253–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bui DS, Burgess JA, Lowe AJ, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Bui M, Morrison S, Thompson BR, Thomas PS, Giles GG, Garcia-Aymerich J, Jarvis D, Abramson MJ, Walters EH, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC (2017) Childhood lung function predicts adult chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196:39–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caggiano R, Sabia S, Speranza A (2019) Trace elements and human health risks assessment of finer aerosol atmospheric particles (PM(1)). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 26:36423–36433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carey MA, Card JW, Voltz JW, Arbes SJ Jr, Germolec DR, Korach KS, Zeldin DC (2007) It’s all about sex: gender, lung development and lung disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 18:308–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Li C, Li Y, Liu J, Meng C, Han J, Zhang Y, Xu D (2018) Short-term effects of ambient air pollution exposure on lung function: a longitudinal study among healthy primary school children in China. Sci Total Environ 645:1014–1020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen R, Yin P, Meng X, Wang L, Liu C, Niu Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Qi J, You J, Kan H, Zhou M (2019) Associations between coarse particulate matter air pollution and cause-specific mortality: a nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities. Environ Health Perspect 127:17008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen T, Chen F, Wang K, Ma X, Wei X, Wang W, Huang P, Yang D, Xia Z, Zhao Z (2021) Acute respiratory response to individual particle exposure (PM(1.0), PM(2.5) and PM(10)) in the elderly with and without chronic respiratory diseases. Environ Pollut 271:116329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collaro AJ, Chang AB, Marchant JM, Chatfield MD, Dent A, Blake T, Mawn P, Fong K, McElrea MS (2021) Associations between lung function and future cardiovascular morbidity and overall mortality in a predominantly First Nations population: a cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 13:100188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dong Y, Lau PWC, Dong B, Zou Z, Yang Y, Wen B, Ma Y, Hu P, Song Y, Ma J, Sawyer SM, Patton GC (2019) Trends in physical fitness, growth, and nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis of 1·5 million students from six successive national surveys between 1985 and 2014. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 3:871–880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endalifer ML, Diress G (2020) Epidemiology, predisposing factors, biomarkers, and prevention mechanism of obesity: a systematic review. J Obes 2020: 6134362

  • Frye C, Hoelscher B, Cyrys J, Wjst M, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J (2003) Association of lung function with declining ambient air pollution. Environ Health Perspect 111:383–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuertes E, Bracher J, Flexeder C, Markevych I, Klümper C, Hoffmann B, Krämer U, von Berg A, Bauer CP, Koletzko S, Berdel D, Heinrich J, Schulz H (2015) Long-term air pollution exposure and lung function in 15 year-old adolescents living in an urban and rural area in Germany: the GINIplus and LISAplus cohorts. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218:656–665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaffney AW, McCormick D, Woolhandler S, Christiani DC, Himmelstein DU (2021) Prognostic implications of differences in forced vital capacity in black and white US adults: findings from NHANES III with long-term mortality follow-up. EClinicalMedicine 39:101073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, Kenward MG (2010) Distributed lag non-linear models. Stat Med 29:2224–2234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparrini A (2014) Modeling exposure-lag-response associations with distributed lag non-linear models. Stat Med 33:881–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ge E, Gao J, Wei X, Ren Z, Wei J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhong J, Lu J, Tian X, Fei F, Chen B, Wang X, Peng Y, Luo M, Lei J (2021) Effect modification of greenness on PM(2.5) associated all-cause mortality in a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cohort. Thorax

  • Gehring U, Gruzieva O, Agius RM, Beelen R, Custovic A, Cyrys J, Eeftens M, Flexeder C, Fuertes E, Heinrich J, Hoffmann B, de Jongste JC, Kerkhof M, Klümper C, Korek M, Mölter A, Schultz ES, Simpson A, Sugiri D, Svartengren M, von Berg A, Wijga AH, Pershagen G, Brunekreef B (2013) Air pollution exposure and lung function in children: the ESCAPE project. Environ Health Perspect 121:1357–1364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RP, Strachan DP (2017) Ventilatory function as a predictor of mortality in lifelong non-smokers: evidence from large British cohort studies. BMJ Open 7:e015381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu J, Fu H, Shen H, Teng CG, Yang W, Yang HB, Liu F (2020) Does underweight amplify the relationship between short-term particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study in a metropolis of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 27:42449–42459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu LW, Yang M, Chen S, Shah K, Hailegiorgis Y, Burgens R, Vaughn M, Huang J, Xaverius P, Paul G, Morawska L, Lu T, Lin S, Zhong SQ, Kong ML, Xie YQ, Hao YT, Zeng XW, Qian Z, Dong GH (2017) Effects of in utero and postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke on lung function by gender and asthma status: the Seven Northeastern Cities (SNEC) study. Respiration 93:189–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang BF, Chen YH, Lin YT, Wu XT, Leo Lee Y (2015) Relationship between exposure to fine particulates and ozone and reduced lung function in children. Environ Res 137:382–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs DR Jr, Yatsuya H, Hearst MO, Thyagarajan B, Kalhan R, Rosenberg S, Smith LJ, Barr RG, Duprez DA (2012) Rate of decline of forced vital capacity predicts future arterial hypertension: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Hypertension 59:219–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang Y, Park C, Young A, Kim J (2022) Socio-economic disparity in food consumption among young children in eight South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Nutr Res Pract 16:e6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kochumon S, Arefanian H, Sindhu S, Shenouda S, Thomas R, Al-Mulla F, Tuomilehto J, Ahmad R (2021) Adipose tissue steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA1) expression is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Cells 10

  • Laurendi G, Donfrancesco C, Palmieri L, Vanuzzo D, Scalera G, Giampaoli S (2015) Association of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors with lung function in a sample of the adult Italian population: a cross-sectional survey. Respiration 89:33–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Xu D, Li H, Wu Y, Cheng Y, Chen Z, Yin G, Wang W, Ge Y, Niu Y, Liu C, Cai J, Kan H, Yu D, Chen R (2021a) Exposure to ultrafine particles and oral flora, respiratory function, and biomarkers of inflammation: a panel study in children. Environ Pollut 273:116489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Wang YY, Guo Y, Zhou H, Wang QM, Shen HP, Zhang YP, Yan DH, Li S, Chen G, Lin L, He Y, Yang Y, Peng ZQ, Wang HJ, Ma X (2021) Association between airborne particulate matter and renal function: an analysis of 2.5 million young adults. Environ Int 147:106348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Cao S, Duan X, Zhang Y, Gong J, Xu X, Guo Q, Meng X, Bertrand M, Zhang JJ (2020) Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and Children’s lung function: a dose-based association analysis. J Thorac Dis 12:6379–6395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Chen XL, Cai JY, Balezentis T, Li Y (2020) The impact of “coal to gas” policy on air quality: evidence from Beijing, China. Energies 13

  • Losacco C, Perillo A (2018) Particulate matter air pollution and respiratory impact on humans and animals. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 25:33901–33910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mei M, Song H, Chen L, Hu B, Bai R, Xu D, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Chen C (2018) Early-life exposure to three size-fractionated ultrafine and fine atmospheric particulates in Beijing exacerbates asthma development in mature mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 15:13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Health Commission of China (2018): Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents, Beijing, China

  • Olivo CR, Castro TBP, Riane A, Regonha T, Rivero D, Vieira RP, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Lopes F, Tibério I, Martins MA, Prado CM (2021) The effects of exercise training on the lungs and cardiovascular function of animals exposed to diesel exhaust particles and gases. Environ Res 203:111768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paunescu AC, Casas M, Ferrero A, Pañella P, Bougas N, Beydon N, Just J, Lezmi G, Sunyer J, Ballester F, Momas I (2019) Associations of black carbon with lung function and airway inflammation in schoolchildren. Environ Int 131:104984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice MB, Rifas-Shiman SL, Litonjua AA, Oken E, Gillman MW, Kloog I, Luttmann-Gibson H, Zanobetti A, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Koutrakis P, Mittleman MA, Gold DR (2016) Lifetime exposure to ambient pollution and lung function in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193:881–888

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz ES, Gruzieva O, Bellander T, Bottai M, Hallberg J, Kull I, Svartengren M, Melén E, Pershagen G (2012) Traffic-related air pollution and lung function in children at 8 years of age: a birth cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186:1286–1291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shu W, Li ML, Li ZA, Hu Y-f (2020) Meta-analysis of asthma prevalence of children aged 0–14 in surveillance cities of China. Chin J Prev Med 54:875–883

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song Y, Agardh A, Ma J, Li L, Lei Y, Stafford RS, Prochaska JJ (2019) National trends in stunting, thinness and overweight among Chinese school-aged children, 1985–2014. Int J Obes (lond) 43:402–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun B, Song J, Wang Y, Jiang J, An Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li H, Alexis NE, Jaspers I, Wu W (2021) Associations of short-term PM(2.5) exposures with nasal oxidative stress, inflammation and lung function impairment and modification by GSTT1-null genotype: a panel study of the retired adults. Environ Pollut 285:117215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svendsen ER, Gonzales M, Mukerjee S, Smith L, Ross M, Walsh D, Rhoney S, Andrews G, Ozkaynak H, Neas LM (2012) GIS-modeled indicators of traffic-related air pollutants and adverse pulmonary health among children in El Paso. Texas Am J Epidemiol 176(Suppl 7):S131–S141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tasmin S, Ng CFS, Stickley A, Md N, Saroar G, Yasumoto S, Watanabe C (2019) Effects of short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter on the lung function of school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Epidemiology 30(Suppl 1):S15-s23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Central People’s Government of the PRC. (2012): Shandong Province requires primary school students to study within a radius of no more than 2 kilometers, Beijing

  • Vilela S, Muresan I, Correia D, Severo M, Lopes C (2020) The role of socio-economic factors in food consumption of Portuguese children and adolescents: results from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016. Br J Nutr 124:591–601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Zhou Y, Xiao L, Guo Y, Ma J, Zhou M, Shi T, Tan A, Yuan J, Chen W (2018) Association of lung function with cardiovascular risk: a cohort study. Respir Res 19:214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Yin P, Fan W, Wang Y, Dong Z, Deng Q, Zhou M (2021a) Mortality risk associated with short-term exposure to particulate matter in China: estimating error and implication. Environ Sci Technol 55:1110–1121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Xu Z, Su H, Ho HC, Song Y, Zheng H, Hossain MZ, Khan MA, Bogale D, Zhang H, Wei J, Cheng J (2021) Ambient particulate matter (PM(1), PM(2.5), PM(10)) and childhood pneumonia: the smaller particle, the greater short-term impact? Sci Total Environ 772:145509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xue L, Wu S, Wang B, Li G, Huang J, Guo X (2021c) Effects of air purification of indoor PM(2.5) on the cardiorespiratory biomarkers in young healthy adults. Indoor Air 31:1125–1133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei J, Li Z, Guo J, Sun L, Huang W, Xue W, Fan T, Cribb M (2019a) Satellite-derived 1-km-resolution PM1 concentrations from 2014 to 2018 across China. Environ Sci Technol 53:13265–13274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei J, Li Z, Cribb M, Huang W, Xue W, Sun L, Guo J, Peng Y, Li J, Lyapustin A, Liu L, Wu H, Song Y (2020) Improved 1 km resolution PM2.5 estimates across China using enhanced space-time extremely randomized trees. Atmos Chem Phys 20:3273–3289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei J, Li Z, Lyapustin A, Sun L, Peng Y, Xue W, Su T, Cribb M (2021) Reconstructing 1-km-resolution high-quality PM2.5 data records from 2000 to 2018 in China: spatiotemporal variations and policy implications. Remote Sens Environ 252

  • Wei J, Li Z, Li K, Dickerson RR, Pinker RT, Wang J, Liu X, Sun L, Xue W, Cribb M (2022) Full-coverage mapping and spatiotemporal variations of ground-level ozone (O3) pollution from 2013 to 2020 across China. Remote Sens Environ 112775

  • Wei Y, Wang Y, Di Q, Choirat C, Wang Y, Koutrakis P, Zanobetti A, Dominici F, Schwartz JD (2019b) Short term exposure to fine particulate matter and hospital admission risks and costs in the Medicare population: time stratified, case crossover study. BMJ 367:l6258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen H, Xiao Y, Zhang L (2017) School district, education quality, and housing price: evidence from a natural experiment in Hangzhou, China. Cities 66:72–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiebe N, Ye F, Crumley ET, Bello A, Stenvinkel P, Tonelli M (2021) Temporal associations among body mass index, fasting insulin, and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 4:e211263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong SL, Coates AL, To T (2016) Exposure to industrial air pollutant emissions and lung function in children: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2011. Health Rep 27:3–9

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2020a): The top 10 causes of death. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

  • World Health Organization (2020b): Global health estimates 2019: deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000-2019. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

  • Wu QZ, Li S, Yang BY, Bloom M, Shi Z, Knibbs L, Dharmage S, Leskinen A, Jalaludin B, Jalava P, Roponen M, Lin S, Chen G, Guo Y, Xu SL, Yu HY, Zeeshan M, Hu LW, Yu Y, Zeng XW, Dong GH (2020) Ambient airborne particulates of diameter ≤1 μm, a leading contributor to the association between ambient airborne particulates of diameter ≤2.5 μm and children’s blood pressure. Hypertension 75:347–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Li H, Xu D, Li H, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Yin G, Niu Y, Liu C, Kan H, Yu D, Chen R (2021) Associations of fine particulate matter and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and buccal mucosa microbiota in children. Sci Total Environ 773:145619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xing X, Hu L, Guo Y, Bloom MS, Li S, Chen G, Yim SHL, Gurram N, Yang M, Xiao X, Xu S, Wei Q, Yu H, Yang B, Zeng X, Chen W, Hu Q, Dong G (2020) Interactions between ambient air pollution and obesity on lung function in children: the Seven Northeastern Chinese Cities (SNEC) study. Sci Total Environ 699:134397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Guo B, Qian W, Ciren Z, Guo W, Zeng Q, Mao D, Xiao X, Wu J, Wang X, Wei J, Chen G, Li S, Guo Y, Meng Q, Zhao X (2021) Dietary pattern and long-term effects of particulate matter on blood pressure: a large cross-sectional study in Chinese adults. Hypertension 78:184–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang BY, Guo Y, Zou Z, Gui Z, Bao WW, Hu LW, Chen G, Jing J, Ma J, Li S, Ma Y, Chen YJ, Dong GH (2021) Exposure to ambient air pollution and visual impairment in children: a nationwide cross-sectional study in China. J Hazard Mater 407:124750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang HB, Teng CG, Hu J, Zhu XY, Wang Y, Wu JZ, Xiao Q, Yang W, Shen H, Liu F (2019) Short-term effects of ambient particulate matter on blood pressure among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in a city of Yangtze River delta, China. Chemosphere 237:124510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang M, Guo YM, Bloom MS, Dharmagee SC, Morawska L, Heinrich J, Jalaludin B, Markevychd I, Knibbsf LD, Lin S, Hung Lan S, Jalava P, Komppula M, Roponen M, Hirvonen MR, Guan QH, Liang ZM, Yu HY, Hu LW, Yang BY, Zeng XW, Dong GH (2020) Is PM(1) similar to PM(2.5)? A new insight into the association of PM(1) and PM(2.5) with children’s lung function. Environ Int 145:106092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Guo Y, Xiao X, Bloom MS, Qian Z, Rolling CA, Xian H, Lin S, Li S, Chen G, Jalava P, Roponen M, Hirvonen MR, Komppula M, Leskinen A, Yim SHL, Chen DH, Ma H, Zeng XW, Hu LW, Liu KK, Yang BY, Dong GH (2019) Association of breastfeeding and air pollution exposure with lung function in Chinese children. JAMA Netw Open 2:e194186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Ding Z, Xiang Q, Wang W, Huang L, Mao F (2020) Short-term effects of ambient PM(1) and PM(2.5) air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory diseases: case-crossover evidence from Shenzhen. China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 224:113418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Wei J, Shi Y, Quan C, Ho HC, Song Y, Zhang L (2021a) Early-life exposure to submicron particulate air pollution in relation to asthma development in Chinese preschool children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 148:771-782.e12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YX, Chen J, Liu XH (2021b) Screening of central obesity among normal-weight children and adolescents in Shandong, China. Br J Nutr 126:950–955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Dong B, Chen G, Song Y, Li S, Yang Z, Dong Y, Wang Z, Ma J, Guo Y (2021c) Ambient air pollution and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents: a multicenter study in China. Sci Total Environ 771:144583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu XL, Chen C, Zhang B, Ge YH, Wang WD, Cai J, Kan HD (2021) Acute effects of personal exposure to fine particulate matter on salivary and urinary biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults. Chemosphere 272

  • Zwozdziak A, Sówka I, Willak-Janc E, Zwozdziak J, Kwiecińska K, Balińska-Miśkiewicz W (2016) Influence of PM(1) and PM(2.5) on lung function parameters in healthy schoolchildren-a panel study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23:23892–23901

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

1. National Important Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology in China (2017YFC1501404); 2. Innovation Team of “Climbing” Program of Shandong University, and the Youth Team of Humanistic and Social Science of Shandong University (20820IFYT1902).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Han Wu and Yingxiu Zhang contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Han Wu & Bo Xi

  2. Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Yingxiu Zhang

  3. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Jing Wei

  4. Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Pascal Bovet

  5. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Min Zhao

  6. Information and Data Analysis Lab, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Wenhui Liu

Authors
  1. Han Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yingxiu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jing Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pascal Bovet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Min Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wenhui Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Bo Xi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HW: formal analysis, methodology, visualization, writing—original draft. YZ: investigation, resources, data curation, writing—review and editing. JW: methodology, resources, data curation, writing—review and editing. PB: methodology, writing—review. MZ: formal analysis, validation, writing—original draft. WL: software, writing—review and editing. BX: conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bo Xi.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of Public Health, Shandong University (LL20211204). Informed consent was obtained from both the participants and their parents or guardians.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOC 643 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, H., Zhang, Y., Wei, J. et al. Association between short-term exposure to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 and forced vital capacity in Chinese children and adolescents. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 71665–71675 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20842-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20842-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation