Abstract
In this study, we used spatial autocorrelation, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model to study the spatial characteristics and driving factors of industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province (2003–2018). We showed that the amount of industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province for the period was reduced from 116,580 to 42,064.96 million tons as observed from the Moran index ranging from -0.310 to 0.302. We identified that the EKC type of Sichuan province was monotonically decreasing and six types of the EKC (monotonically decreasing, monotonically increasing, U, N, inverted U, and inverted N, shape) in 18 major cities. The technical effect (from -0.0964 to -8.8912) can reduce the discharge of industrial wastewater, while the economy effect (0.2948–5.882), structure effect (0.0892–4.5183), and population effect (from -0.0059 to 0.2873) can promote the industrial wastewater discharge. Our findings suggest that industrial wastewater discharge was reduced and changed from non-significant dissociation to non-significant agglomeration to non-significant dissociation during the study period. Furthermore, technical management upgrade is the primary driver in Sichuan province to reduce industrial wastewater discharge during this period.
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Data availability
The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request—Zhen’an Yang (yza2765@126.com).
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Lin Jiang for his help with the production of Fig. 1 by ArcGIS. Furthermore, we also thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing and are very grateful to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript.
Funding
The research was supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition [grant number 2019QZKK0304] and the Scientific Research Foundation of China West Normal University [grant number 18Q045].
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Hui Guo: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, resources and resources. Yawen Zhang: formal analysis, investigation, writing—review and editing, and resources. Zhen’an Yang: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, resources, resources and funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• Industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province (2003–2018) China was studied.
• Spatial autocorrelation and Environmental Kuznets Curve were used to identify the spatial characteristics.
• Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model was used to identify the driving factors.
• The amount of industrial wastewater discharge declined during this period.
• Six types of the Environmental Kuznets Curve applied in 18 major cities of Sichuan province.
• The technical effect is the main factor of industrial wastewater discharge reduction.
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Guo, H., Zhang, Y. & Yang, Z. Quantification of industrial wastewater discharge from the major cities in Sichuan province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 51567–51577 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19316-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19316-6