Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was employed as a sacrificial substructure and two-dimensional support to develop magnetic cobalt ferrite-carbon nitride (CoFe2O4/g-CN) composite via a one-step solid combustion method. The catalyst activated peroxymonosulphate (PMS), through the interconversion of Co2 + /3+|surf. and Fe2 + /3+|surf. on its surface for degradation of reactive dyes (RDs). Excellent ferromagnetic nature (44.15 emu g−1) of the catalyst led to its efficient magnetic separation. With an optimum catalyst and PMS dose of 0.4 g L−1 and 1.5 g L−1, 99% RD removal was achieved for textile effluent (pH 9.5–10), under UV irradiation (48 W). In-depth radical scavenging experiments and EPR analysis confirmed the dominance of radical-based degradation process. Plausible degradation and mineralization pathways of RDs were proposed through identification of intermediates by LCMS/MS analysis. In brief, this study elucidates an exclusive strategy towards the use of g-C3N4 as fuel for facile synthesis of magnetic CoFe2O4/g-CN as a remarkable photocatalyst for activation of PMS towards mineralization of various industrially relevant RDs.
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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).
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11 April 2024
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Abbreviations
- Ct :
-
Residual dye concentration at a specific time t (mg/L)
- C0 :
-
Concentration of dye in the feed solution (mg/L)
- ECB :
-
Conduction band energy
- EVB :
-
Valence band energy
- AOP:
-
Advanced oxidation process
- CB:
-
Conduction band
- EDC:
-
Endocrine-disrupting chemical
- EDTA-2Na:
-
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt
- His:
-
l-Histidine
- NOM:
-
Natural organic matter
- PBQ:
-
para-Benzoquinone
- PS:
-
Persulphate
- PMS:
-
Peroxymonosulphate
- pHPZC :
-
pH at point of zero charge
- RD:
-
Reactive dye
- R.Black:
-
Reactive black
- R.Blue:
-
Reactive blue
- R.Red:
-
Reactive red
- R.Yellow:
-
Reactive yellow
- TBA:
-
Tertiary butyl alcohol
- VB:
-
Valance band
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This work is supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, under the scheme no. DST/TM/WTI/WIC/2K17/84(G), Dt. 15-01-2019.
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Poulomi Sarkar: Experimentation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing, Editing- Original draft preparation; Debashis Roy: synthesis and characterization, draft editing; Biswajit Bera: Characterization and draft editing; Sudarsan Neogi: Investigation, Reviewing and Editing, Conceptualization, Supervision, Sirshendu De: Investigation, Reviewing and Editing, Conceptualization, Supervision.
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Sarkar, P., Roy, D., Bera, B. et al. Enhanced photodegradation of reactive dyes in textile effluent with CoFe2O4/g-CN heterostructure–mediated peroxymonosulphate activation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 50566–50583 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18944-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18944-2