Abstract
The prediction accuracy of the spatial distribution of soil pollutants at a site is relatively low. Related pollutants can be used as auxiliary variables to improve the prediction accuracy. However, little relevant research has been conducted on site soil pollution. To analyze the prediction accuracy of target pollutants combined with auxiliary pollutants, Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene were selected as the target pollutants for this study. Based on geostatistical analysis and spatial analysis, the following results were obtained. (1) The reduction in the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene with multivariable cokriging was 68.4%, 81.6%, and 81.2%, respectively, which are proportional to the correlation coefficient of the relationship between the auxiliary pollutants and the target pollutants. (2) The RMSEs calculated for the multivariable cokriging were lower than those obtained by only combining one related pollutants, and two co-variables should be better. (3) The predicted results for Cu, phenanthrene, and toluene and their corresponding related pollutants are more accurate than the results obtained not using the related pollutants. (4) In the interpolation process, the RMSEs for Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene with multivariable cokriging basically increase as the neighborhood sample data increases, and then they become stable. (5) When 84, 61, and 34 sample points were removed, the RMSEs for Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene, respectively, with multivariable cokriging were close to the RMSEs of the target pollutants based on the total samples. The results are of great significance to improving the prediction accuracy of the spatial distribution of soil pollutants at coking plant sites.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This work was supported by the Sprout project of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology.
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QPW was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. LDL is responsible for the preliminary data collation. YSC controlled the content of the whole article. ZQY and WHQ collected and analyzed the samples. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Qiao, P., Lai, D., Yang, S. et al. Effectiveness of predicting the spatial distributions of target contaminants of a coking plant based on their related pollutants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 33945–33956 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17951-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17951-z