Abstract
Biomonitoring studies are important tools to understand the effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds on human health. Up to now, there have been no biomonitoring and risk assessment studies conducted in Turkish population in which urinary bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP) levels were measured simultaneously. The aim of this study is to measure urinary BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP on Turkish population and conduct a risk assessment using urinary levels of chemicals of interest. During the study, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure urinary levels of above-mentioned chemicals, and human biomonitoring was used as a risk assessment tool in 103 volunteers, living in Mersin Region, Turkey. Urinary BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP were founded as 0.0079 μg/g creatinine, 0.0177 μg/g creatinine, and 0.0114 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The obtained estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated as 0.095 μg/kg bw/day, 0.041 μg/kg bw/day, and 0.091 μg/kg bw/day, for BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP, respectively. In conclusion, although no potential health risk due to BPA and 4-NP exposure was observed, there might be health risks associated with 4-t-OP exposure in the Turkish population.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This work was supported by the Mersin University, Department of Scientific Research Projects [Grant Number: BAP-ECZ F EMBB (DB) 2012-8 A].
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AAS: Investigation, visualization, and writing - reviewing and editing
DK: Original draft preparation, investigation, and writing - reviewing and editing
KK: Writing and editing
IC: Writing and editing
IU: Methodology and data analysis
MAS: Data analysis
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Sukuroglu, A.A., Battal, D., Kocadal, K. et al. Biomonitoring of bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-t-octylphenol in Turkish population: exposure and risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 26250–26262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17796-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17796-6