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The lag effect of exposure to PM2.5 on esophageal cancer in urban-rural areas across China

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Abstract

Exposure to PM2.5 pollution is a significant health concern and increases risks for cancers in China. However, the studies regarding the effect of PM2.5 and esophageal cancer incidence (ECI) among urban-rural areas are limited. In this study, we examined the sex- and area-specific association between exposure to PM2.5 and ECI, as well as explored the corresponding lag effects on ECI using a geographical weighted Poisson regression. We found significantly positive effect on ECI for males and females in different models, with the greatest increase of 1.44% (95% CI: 1.30%, 1.59%) and 2.42% (95% CI: 2.17%, 2.66%) in per 10 ug/m3 increase of PM2.5 for males and females at single year lag7 and lag4 after all covariates controlled, respectively. We also found that the long-term effect of PM2.5 on ECI was relatively stable at all moving average year lags. Moreover, rural areas had higher ECI risks for males (0.17%) and females (0.64%) with longer lag period than urban areas. In addition, higher risks for both sexes appeared in north, northwestern, and east China. The findings indicated that long-term exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased risks for ECI, which reinforce a comprehensive understanding for ECI related to PM2.5.

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Data availability

Esophageal cancer data were collected from the 2018 China Cancer Registry Annual Report. PM2.5 exposure data were publicly available at https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/. Other covariates data were available from the Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC) http://www.resdc.cn and National Environmental Monitoring Center http://www.cnemc.cn.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1313100), Evaluation of Grading Screening and Intervention Program for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer (Grant No. 2018YFC1313105), support by Ministry of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Foundation (Grant No. 20YJC840014), and Key R & D Program of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2018ZDCXL-SF-02-03-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China

    Peng Li, Xiya Guo, Xin Qi & Guihua Zhuang

  2. College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China

    Jing Jing

  3. School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia

    Wenbiao Hu

  4. National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China

    Wen-Qiang Wei

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  1. Peng Li
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  2. Xiya Guo
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PL: Data collection, analysis, and manuscript draft. XG and JJ: manuscript and model revision. WH: Methods revision and statistical assistance. XQ: Study guidance and manuscript review and revision. WQW and GZ: Study design and data management. All authors have contributed to study design and approved the final manuscript

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Correspondence to Xin Qi or Guihua Zhuang.

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Li, ., Guo, X., Jing, J. et al. The lag effect of exposure to PM2.5 on esophageal cancer in urban-rural areas across China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 4390–4400 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15942-8

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