Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical technology is regarded as a very effective industrial wastewater treatment method as it has high treatment efficiency, high current efficiency, and low energy consumption, and especially can completely mineralize nonbiodegradable organic pollutants. The core of the 3D electrochemical technology is a particle electrode, and the particle electrode plays several important roles for removing pollutants during the electrochemical reaction process. Many types of particle electrodes have been developed and used for different types of wastewater treatment. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the research and development of particle electrodes of the 3D electrochemical reactors for wastewater treatment is conducted. Specifically, the role that the particle electrode plays during the 3D electrochemical treatment of wastewater is thoroughly investigated and systematized. In addition, the different types of particle electrodes used in the 3D electrochemical wastewater treatment are classified into several types according to the presence or absence of a catalyst and the main components of the particle electrode or carrier. Also, focusing on the recent research results, the structural characteristics, performance, advantages and defects, and the role of catalyst components of each particle electrodes are evaluated. Finally, the direction and prospect of future research on the particle electrode is presented.
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The authors are grateful to the editors and reviewers for their valuable and constructive suggestions for helping to improve and complete this paper, and also thankful to the support of the National Environmental and Energy Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation.
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All authors contributed to complete this study. The idea for the article was suggested by Qunhui Wang. The literature search, data analysis, and drafting the work was performed by Jinsong Ma. The critical revising of the work and the project administration were performed by Qunhui Wang, Ming Gao, and Huimin Shi. Formal analysis, visualization, and validation were performed by Jin Ni and Yuansheng Xu.
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Ma, J., Gao, M., Shi, H. et al. Progress in research and development of particle electrodes for three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of wastewater: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 47800–47824 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13785-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13785-x