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Comparative study on the toxicity and removal of bisphenol S in two typical freshwater algae

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Abstract

Bisphenol S (BPS), one of the most widely used bisphenol A substitutes, has recently received more attention because of its high detection in water and potential toxicity. In the present study, the toxicity and removal of BPS in typical freshwater algae Navicula sp. were investigated under laboratory conditions and the comparative study with Chlorella vulgaris was also explored. BPS was more toxic to Navicula sp. than C. vulgaris with their 120-h EC50 values of 3.89 and 25.19 mg/L, respectively. It may be mainly ascribed to the high tolerance of C. vulgaris to BPS. For instance, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of C. vulgaris were increased under the exposure of 20 mg BPS/L, whereas they were increased in Navicula sp. at 1 mg BPS/L. It is implied that the detoxification mechanism of C. vulgaris was activated until BPS concentration reach to 20 mg L−1. Moreover, the results had demonstrated that both algae had promoted the removal of BPS at 0.5 mg/L, but the removal could be inhibited as BPS concentration increased. Navicula sp. presented a better removal of BPS because of their higher accumulation, implying that they may be good materials for the removal of BPS. In addition, the sharp increase of BCF value at 72 h in Navicula sp. under the exposure of environmental-related BPS concentration (0.5 mg/L) may indicate a high risk of BPS to aquatic ecosystem. These findings will provide a reference for the risk assessment of BPS in natural waters.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 22076126 and 21777104), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grants Nos. 2020A1515011243 and 2017A030313226), the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project (Grant Nos. JCYJ20170818142823471 and JCYJ20190808152817031), and the Natural Science Foundation of SZU (Grant Nos. 860-000002110238 and 2019027).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Juying Li, Wen Li, Xiaotong Huang & Tengda Ding

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  1. Juying Li
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  2. Wen Li
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  4. Tengda Ding
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Contributions

Juying Li: supervision, writing (review and editing), and funding acquisition. Wen Li: methodology, software, and data curation. Xiaotong Huang: data curation and validation. Tengda Ding: conceptualization, writing (original draft, review, and editing), project administration, and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Tengda Ding.

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Li, J., Li, W., Huang, X. et al. Comparative study on the toxicity and removal of bisphenol S in two typical freshwater algae. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 36861–36869 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13224-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13224-x

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