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Monitoring of copper accumulation in water, soil, forage, and cows impacted by heavy automobiles in Sargodha, Pakistan

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A Correction to this article was published on 03 March 2021

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Abstract

The instant endeavor was undertaken to monitor copper (Cu) contents in water, soil, forage, and cow’s blood impacted by heavy automobiles in Sahiwal town of district Sargodha, Pakistan. The samples were collected in triplicates with a total of 120 soil and water samples with corresponding forage samples. For the analysis of metal concentration in cows, 60 blood samples were collected from the cows feeding on these forages on selected sites. Metal contents were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that water samples contained mean values of Cu concentration ranged from 1.01 to 0.444 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum at site 3 and minimum at site 6. The soil samples of all the forage fields showed Cu mean values concentration ranged from 1.94 to 0.286 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum in Trifolium alexandrinum grown field at site 2, and minimum in Avena sativa at site 2. All the forage samples showed the mean value of Cu concentration ranged from 0.151 to 1.86 mg/kg at all sites. The concentration of Cu was maximum in Zea mays grown at site 5 and minimum in Trifolium alexandrinum at site 4. The cow blood samples showed the mean concentration of Cu ranged from 1.368 to 0.53 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum at site 2 and minimum at site 6. Owing to the results of pollution index and transfer factors, metal content was found to be in permissible range in forages as well as animal samples.

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Data and material is available for research purpose and for reference.

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the researchers supporting project number (RSP-2020/193) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pakki Thatti Research and Development Farm, Toba Tek Singh, 36050, Pakistan

    Tasneem Ahmad

  2. Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Sonaina Nazar, Kafeel Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Humayun Bashir, Asma Ashfaq, Mudasra Munir, Zunaira Munir & Ifra Saleem Malik

  3. Department of Botany, Govt. MAO College, Lahore, Pakistan

    Khadim Hussain

  4. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Jawaher Alkahtani & Mohamed Soliman Elshikh

  5. Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Muhammad Nadeem

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  1. Tasneem Ahmad
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  2. Sonaina Nazar
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Contributions

Zafar Iqbal Khan and Kafeel Ahmad conceived and designed the study and Jawaher Alkahtani and Mohamed Soliman Elshikh critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version. Zunaira Munir executed the experiment and compiled the data. Muhammad Nadeem statistically analyzed the data and helped in chemical analysis. Tasneem Ahmad interpreted the results. Sonaina Nazar wrote the manuscript. Humayun Bashir and Asma Ashfaq critically edited and revised the manuscript. Mudasra Munir and Ifra Saleem Malik helped in sample collection and chemical analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sonaina Nazar.

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Ethical approval

Ethical approval was taken from the Department Ethical Review Committee to conduct the study and no animal was harmed in this study.

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Informed consent was taken from formers to conduct the study and to collect the samples. They were briefed about the research plan in details.

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Written consent was sought from each author to publish the manuscript.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Ahmad, T., Nazar, S., Ahmad, K. et al. Monitoring of copper accumulation in water, soil, forage, and cows impacted by heavy automobiles in Sargodha, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 29110–29116 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12770-8

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